نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر تمرین ریتمیک ایروبیک با موسیقی بر تبحر حرکتی، اضطراب و افسردگی کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی بود. روش پژوهش تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. نمونة پژوهش 60 کودک (30 پسر و 30 دختر) با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی بودند که به روش خوشه‌ای هدفمند انتخاب شدند. برای تشخیص اختلال از پرسش‌نامة تشخیص اختلال هماهنگی رشدی، از مقیاس مارچ و همکاران برای اضطراب، از مقیاس افسردگی دوران کودکی لانگ و تیشر برای سنجش افسردگی و از آزمون برونینکس ـ اوزرتسکی ـ دو برای تبحر حرکتی استفاده شد. ورزش ایروبیک طی هشت هفته آموزش داده شد. برای بررسی اثرات تمرین ایروبیک بر متغیرهای وابسته، از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر سه فاکتور اضطراب، افسردگی و تبحر حرکتی، گروه تجربی در پس‌آزمون پیشرفت داشته است (P<0.001)؛ اما در گروهکنترل پیشرفت معنادار نیست (0.05>P). همچنین گروه آزمایش دختران نسبت به گروه آزمایش پسران پیشرفت بیشتری داشته است. در تفسیر این نتایج می‌توان گفت تأثیر ورزش ایروبیک بر تبحر حرکتی، اضطراب و افسردگی به‌دلیل مهیج‌بودن، شادبودن و به چالش کشاندن کودک از طریق ترکیب حرکات است؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود برای ارﺗﻘﺎی ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ و همچنین کاهش اضطراب و افسردگی ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﻣﺪارس از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ تمرینی ایروبیک در ﺳﺎﻋﺎت تربیت‌بدنی و ورزش اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Rhythmic Exercises with Music on Motor Proficiency, Anxiety and Depression in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behzad Mohammadi Oranghi 1
  • Rasoul Yaali 2
  • Neda Shahrzad 2

1 Ph.D. Student of Motor Learning, Kharazmi University

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University

چکیده [English]

Children with developmental coordination disorder due to defects in motor development require interventions to improve mobility. So the aim of the present study was the impact rhythmic aerobic exercise with music on motor proficiency, anxiety and depression in children with developmental coordination disorder. The research method was experimental with pretest and posttest with a control group. The sample was 60 (30 boys and 30 girls) children with DCD, who were chosen by cluster purposeful. For the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder from developmental coordination questionnaire, March et al scale for anxiety, Childhood Depression Lang and Tishri Scale for Depression and - for motor proficiency test was used Brvnynks- Oseretsky-tow. During the 8-week aerobic exercise training was given. To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the dependent variables of analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that in all three factors of anxiety, depression and motor proficiency tests have improved in the experimental group (P=0.001), but no significant progress in the control group (P<0.05). In interpreting these results, it can be said; the impact of aerobic exercise on motor proficiency, anxiety and depression because, being exciting, fun and challenging to the child is through a combination of movements. Therefore, it is suggested to improve motor skills and reduce anxiety and depression in children in schools by use of an aerobic exercise program hour of physical education and sports.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerobic Practice
  • Motor Proficiency
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Developmental Coordination Disorder
1. El Galahu, Jan ci ozmoon. Understanding motor development in a lifetime. Translation: Baram, Ghadiri, Shahrzad.2. Tehran: Nafe no; 2012,6-144. (In Persian)
2. Kirby A, Sugden DA. Children with developmental coordination disorders. J R Soc Med. 2007;100(4):182–6.
3. Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE, Hawes R. Developmental coordination disorder and overweight and obesity in children aged 9–14 y. Int J Obes. 2005;29(4):369–72.
4. Missiuna C. Poor handwriting is only a symptom: Children with developmental coordination disorder. Occup Ther Now. 2002;4:4–6.
5. Hellgren L, Gillberg C, Gillberg IC. Children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) almost grown up: The contribution of various background factors to outcome at age 16 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;3(1):1–15.
6. Kristensen H, Torgersen S. Is social anxiety disorder in childhood associated with developmental deficit/delay? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;17(2):99–107.
7. Missiuna C, Cairney J, Pollock N, Campbell W, Russell DJ, Macdonald K, et al. Psychological distress in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(5):1198–207.
8. Wisdom SN, Dyck MJ, Piek JP, Hay D, Hallmayer J. Can autism, language and coordination disorders be differentiated based on ability profiles? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;16(3):178–86.
9. Ströhle A. Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm. 2009;116(6):777–84.
10. Newman CL, Motta RW. The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007;9(2):133.
11. Sigurdsson E, Van Os J, Fombonne E. Are impaired childhood motor skills a risk factor for adolescent anxiety? Results from the 1958 UK birth cohort and the National Child Development Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(6):1044–6.
12. Bagherinia, Mohammad Zadeh. The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in 3-11 year- old children. 2014, 9(6); 1077-99. (In Persian)
13. Emck C, Bosscher R, Beek P, Doreleijers T. Gross motor performance and self‐perceived motor competence in children with emotional, behavioural, and pervasive developmental disorders: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51(7):501–17.
14. Taylor S, Fayed N, Mandich A. CO-OP intervention for young children with developmental coordination disorder. OTJR Occup Particip Heal. 2007;27(4): 124–30.
15. Harter S, Younie S. The determinants and mediational role of global self-worth in children. 1987.
16. Lingam R, Hunt L, Golding J, Jongmans M, Emond A. Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder using the DSM-IV at 7 years of age: A UK population–based study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4): 693–700.
17. Ismail-Zadeh, Hamid Salehi, Shahin Mansuri. Effects of selective rhythmic hand-foot coordination in children girls with developmental coordination disorder Shahr e Kord University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 13(2): 46-51. (In Persian)
18. Namdare Tajari, Farokhi Ahmad, Reza Rostami, Mohammad Kurdi, MogadS Tabrizi Joseph. Intervention effect of physical exercise on motor proficiency boys 7 to 10 years old with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Sport Management and motor behavior. 2015; 11(22): 59-68. (In Persian).
19. Giagazoglou P, Sidiropoulou M, Mitsiou M, Arabatzi F, Kellis E. Can balance trampoline training promote motor coordination and balance performance in children with developmental coordination disorder? Res Dev Disabil. 2015; 36: 13–9.
20. Kavianpour F, Raki A, Malekpour M. Efficacy of Training of Executive Functions (Working Memory) on the Rate of Attention in Preschool Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014; 16(9): 89–94.
21. Garnham A, Finch C, Salmon J. An Overview of the Epidemiology of Aerobics Injuries. Int Sport J. 2001; 2(2).
22. Barzeghar,Vasadi,Sori,Akbarnejad. Effect of music on athlete metabolic responses during incremental exercise Journal of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University.2014, (24)3, 153-8. (In Persian)
23. Karageorghis CI TP. The psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: a review. Sport Behav. 1997; 20: 54–68.
24. Copland BL FB. Effects of type and intensities of background music on treadmill endurance. Sport Med Phys Fit. 1991; 1: 100–3.
25. Salehi H, Afsorde B.R, Movahedi A, Ghasemi V. Psychometric properties of a Persian version of the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire in boys aged 6-11 year-old. 2012;
26. Ali Mashhadi, Reza Soltani shawls, F Myrdvrqy, B. Bahrami. Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children psychometric properties, Journal of Applied Psychology.2012; 6(1):70-87. (In Persian)
27. Tisher M, Lang M. Children’s Depression Scale: Research Edition. Melb Aust Counc Educ Res Transl Cuest Depresión para Niños Madrid TEA, 1983. 1978;
28. Mohammad Kazem. Relevance of life skills in children with depression and anxiety. MA thesis, Tehran University. 2005. (In Persian)
29. Mahmoud Golzari. Preparing a device to measure depression in children. Thesis Master of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Psychiatric Institute.1986. (In Persian)
30. Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, (BOT-2). Minneapolis, MN Pearson Assess. 2005.
31. Abedi, Kazemi, Shoshtari. Effects of aerobic exercise training exercises to improve attention and executive function of children with learning disabilities Neuropsychological. Learning Adisabilities. 2015. (2)4, 38-54. (In Persian)
32. Robert Cristina, Daniel Kvrkvs. Sports skills training instructor's manual. Translation: Muhammad Taqi Aghdasi. Tabriz University.2000, 1-375. (In Persian)
33. Brunner LS, Smeltzer SC, Bare BG, Hinkle JL, Cheever KH. Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010, 1.