اثر محتوای بازخورد افزوده بر اکتساب، یادداری، انتقال مهارت حرکتی و انگیزش درونی در کودکان و نوجوانان: ادراک- عمل متمایز در افراد مبتدی و ماهر

بیک, میثم; فاضلی, داود; مختاری, مهیار

doi:10.22089/mbj.2018.5816.1672

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شیراز

³ دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2018.5816.1672

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین اثر محتوای بازخورد افزوده بر اکتساب، یادداری، انتقال مهارت حرکتی و انگیزش درونی و رابطۀ ادراک- عمل با سطح عملکرد در کودکان و نوجوانان بود. تعداد 50 کودک (میانگین سنی 5/1 ± 23/10 سال) و 50 نوجوان (میانگین سنی 15/1 ± 36/۱۵ سال) به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و هدفمند از مدارس پسرانه ناحیۀ دو مشهد انتخاب شدند و به تفکیک عامل سنی، به‌صورت تصادفی طبقه‌ای (ماهر و مبتدی) در گروه بازخورد عمومی یا غیرعمومی جای گرفتند. تکلیف شامل مهارت ضربۀ فوتبال به اهداف ازپیش‌تعیین‌شده بود. دقت اجرا در آزمون‌های اکتساب (مرحله‌های یک و دو)، یادداری فوری، یادداری تأخیری و انتقال اندازه‌گیری شد. از پرسش‌نامة انگیزش درونی رایانبرای سنجش انگیزش درونی شرکت‌کننده‌ها بعد از مراحل اول و دوم اکتساب استفاده شد. ادراک- عمل افراد مبتدی و ماهر نیز بعد از مرحلۀ اول اکتساب سنجیده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تفاوت بین گروه‌های بازخورد در مرحلۀ اول اکتساب معنادار نیست؛ اما در آزمون‌های مرحلۀ دوم اکتساب، یادداری فوری، تأخیری و انتقال معنادار است. نتایج سنجش انگیزش درونی نشان داد که تفاوت بین گروه‌های بازخورد معنادار است. برای سنجش ادراک- عمل از همبستگی بین امتیازات و تخمین اندازۀ ادراک‌شدۀ هدف استفاده شد که نتایج نشان داد که رابطة بین ادراک و عمل افراد مبتدی و ماهر معنادار است. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش حاضر این است که استفاده از محتوای بازخورد غیرعمومی نسبت به بازخورد عمومی باعث یادگیری حرکتی و انگیزش درونی بیشتر در کودکان و نوجوانان می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

آموزش در تربیت بدنی و شیوه های نوین آموزش مهارت های ورزشی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Content of Augmented Feedback on Acquisition, Retention, Transfer of Motor Skill and Intrinsic Motivation in Children and Adolescents: A Distinct Perception-Action in Novice and Skilled

نویسندگان [English]

Meysam Beik ¹
Davoud Fazeli ²
Mahyar Mokhtari ³

¹ PhD Candidate of Motor learning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Shiraz University

³ PhD of Motor Learning, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

The purpose of present study was to determine the effect of content of augmented feedback on acquisition, retention, transfer of motor skill and intrinsic motivation and perception-action relationship with performance level in children and adolescents. For this purpose, 50 children (mean age 10.23±1.5 years) and 50 adolescents (mean age 15.36±1.15 years) were selected using convenience sampling from boys’ schools of area two of Mashhad and separation of age factor were stratified randomly (skilled and novice) assigned to either generic or non-generic feedback group. The task was included football kick skill to predetermined goals. Performance accuracy measured in acquisition (phase 1 and 2), immediate retention, delay retention and transfer tests. Ryan’s intrinsic motivation questionnaire was used for measurement of participants’ intrinsic motivation after the first and second phases of acquisition. Perception-action of novice and skilled individuals also measured after the first phase of acquisition. The findings showed that the difference between feedback groups was not significant in the first phase of acquisition, but were significant in the second phase of acquisition, immediate retention, delay retention and transfer tests. The results of intrinsic motivation showed that the difference was significant between feedback groups. For measurement of perception-action was used correlation between scores and estimation of perceived goal size that showed the relationship between perception and action of novice and skilled individuals was significant. Conclusion of this study that using the content of non-generic than generic feedback can be lead to motor learning and more intrinsic motivation in children and adolescents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Keywords: Intrinsic Motivation
Positive and Negative Feedback
Generic and Non-Generic Feedback
Conceptions of Ability
Motor Learning

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اثر محتوای بازخورد افزوده بر اکتساب، یادداری، انتقال مهارت حرکتی و انگیزش درونی در کودکان و نوجوانان: ادراک- عمل متمایز در افراد مبتدی و ماهر

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 10، شماره 34زمستان 1397دی 1397صفحه 49-74

دوره 10، شماره 34
زمستان 1397
دی 1397
صفحه 49-74