نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای کنترل حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی و روان شناسی ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران

4 استادیار بهداشت و طب ورزش، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

جایگاه تغییرپذیری در اجرای ماهرانه همواره موضوعی موردبحث بوده است؛ بنابراین، هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی تغییرپذیری هماهنگیبین کوشش‌های موفق و ناموفق در اجرای مهارت پاس چیپ بین بازیکنان ماهر فوتبال تحت تاثیر تغییرات قیود تکلیف بود. شرکتکنندگان اینپژوهش ۱۰ مرد فوتبالیست راست‌پا با سن ۴۱/۱± ۰۶/۲۲ سال بودند که ۱۰ پاس چیپ فوتبال را در ارتفاع مانع و فواصل مختلف توپ تا مانع و هدف اجرا کردند (قید تکلیف). برای تعیین برتری پا از پرسش‌نامة پابرتری واترلو (1390) و برای ارزیابی دقت اجرا از مقیاس هفت‌امتیازی لیکرت استفاده شد. از روش کُدگذاری بُرداری برای سنجش تغییرپذیری هماهنگی حرکتیِ داده‌های کینماتیک ثبت‌شده برای مفاصل مچ، زانو و ران پای ضربه‌زننده استفاده شد. برای بررسی توزیع طبیعی داده‌ها از آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک و برای مقایسة دادههای کینماتیک در کوششهای موفق و ناموفق، از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌های مکرر در سطح معناداری (0.05≤P) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین جفت‌شدگی مچ-زانو در کوشش‌های موفق و ناموفق در موقعیت اول (فاصلة توپ تا هدف ۱۰ متر و ارتفاع مانع 5/1 متر) و موقعیت دوم (فاصلة توپ تا هدف ۱۲ متر و ارتفاع مانع 7/1 متر) اعمال قیود تکلیف، تفاوت معنا‌دار وجود داشت (P = 0.01درحالی‌که بین جفت‌شدگی ران-زانو در کوشـش‌هـای موفق و ناموفق در موقعـیت‌های اول و دوم تـفاوت مـعنادار مشـاهـده نـشد:(P = 0.61) و (P = 0.36). براساس نتایج پژوهش می‌توان گفت که احتمالاً افراد ماهر در کوشش‌های موفق خود قادرند از تغییرپذیری ذاتی سیستم به‌صورت کارکردی برای سازمان‌دهی بهینة قیود تکلیف و بهبود اجرای حرکتی بهره ببرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Task Constraints on Coordination Variability in Missed and Successful Trails of Chip Pass

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Ghojoghi 1
  • Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni 2
  • Seid Mehdi Aghapoor 3
  • Mehdi Shahbazi 2
  • Elham Shirzad 4

1 Ph.D. of Motor Control, University of Tehran

2 Associate Professor. of Motor Behaviour and Sport Psychology, University of Tehran

3 Assistance Professor of Motor Behaviour, University of Tehran

4 Assistant Professor of Health and Sports Medicine, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Variability is discussable topic in skilled execution, therefore; the aim of the present study was to investigate coordination variability between missed and successful chip pass skill between expert soccer players under variation of the task constraints. Participants included 10 right-footed soccer men in the age 22.06 ± 1.41 years’ old. They performed 10 passing soccer chips in different height of the barrier and various distances of ball to barrier and target (task constraints). Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire was used to determine of dominant foot and a 7-point Likert scale was used to evaluation of performance accuracy. Vector coding method was used to measure of motor coordination variability for recorded kinematic data form joints of the ankle, knee and hip of the kicking foot. All variables were found to be normally distributed (Shapiro Wilks > 0.05). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare kinematic data between missed and successful trails (P≤0.05). Results showed that significant difference exist in the ankle-knee couplings between missed and successful trails in the first (Ball distance to target 10 meters and the height of barrier 1.5 m) and second (Ball distance to target 12 meters and the height of barrier 1.7 m) statuses (P= 0.01). While in the hip-knee couplings no significant difference exists between missed and successful trails in the first and second statuses (P= 0.61), (P= 0.36). The results indicate that probably skilled in their successful trails are capable to benefit of inherent variability of the system functionally for optimal organization of the task constraints and improve motor performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Motor Coordination Variability
  • Joints Coupling
  • Chip Pass
  • Vector Coding
  • Dynamic Systems
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