رفتار حرکتی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

هزینه های دریافت نشریه

راهنمای نویسندگان

فرم ها

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اثرهای تمرین‌های تکلیف دوگانة حرکتی-حرکتی و حرکتی-شناختی بر تعادل و حافظة کاری زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار رفتارحرکتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ارومیه

چکیده

سالمندی با تخریب بینایی، افت در پوسچر، کاهش قدرت عضلانی، تعادل و فعالیت شناختی همراه است و به کاهش فعالیت بدنی منجر می‌شود. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، اثر دو نوع تمرین دوگانة حرکتی-حرکتی و حرکتی-شناختی بر تعادل و حافظة کاری زنان سالمند شهر تهران بود. آزمودنی‌های پژوهش 45 زن سالمند (میانگین سنی: 71/67 و انحراف معیار: 49/5 سال) بودند که به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه حرکتی-شناختی، حرکتی-حرکتی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. این پژوهش شامل سه مرحلة پیش‌آزمون، تمرین‌ها به دو شیوۀ دوگانة حرکتی-حرکتی و حرکتی-شناختی و پس‌آزمون بود. تمرین‌های دوگانة حرکتی-حرکتی شامل تمرین مقاومتی به‌علاوة تمرین حرکتی هم‌زمان مانند حرکت توپ به بالا و پایین، پرتاب کیسه و نگه‌داشتن کیف بود. تمرین دوگانة حرکتی-شناختی نیز شامل تمرین مقاومتی به‌علاوة تمرین شناختی هم‌زمان مانند شمارش معکوس عدد، انجام محاسبات ریاضی و اسپل معکوس اسامی خاص بود. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی، روش‌های آماری آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب 3 * 2 و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر حافظة کاری برای گروه تمرین حرکتی-شناختی نسبت به گـروه حرکتی-حـرکتی (P = 0.005) و گـروه کنترل (P = 0.002) بیشتر است. علاوه‌براین، نمره‌های مقیاس تعادل برگ برای گروه حرکتی-شناختی و حرکتی-حرکتی در مرحلة پس‌آزمون نسبت به پیش‌آزمون افزایش داشت (P = 0.01)، اما این افزایش در گروه حرکتی-شناختی بیشتر بود. به‌طورکلی، براساس نتایج پژوهش، تمرین دوگانة حرکتی-شناختی به‌دلیل ارتقای کارکردهای عصبی به‌عنوان مدلی بهتر در مقایسه با تمرین حرکتی-حرکتی و حرکتی محض برای ارتقای تعادل و بهبود حافظة کاری پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Motor-Motor and Motor- Cognitive Dual Task Training on Balance and Working Memory Among Older Women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahideh Parvin 1
  • Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini 2
  • Malek Ahmadi 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Motor Behavior and Sport Management, Urmia University

2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior and Sport Management, Urmia University

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University of Urmia

چکیده [English]

Aging is associated with the visual degeneration, loss of posture, that leads to the decreased muscle strength, balance, and cognitive activity, therefore, resulted in decreased physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to compare the impact of two types of motor-motor and motor-cognitive dual task training on balance and working memory among elderly women in Tehran. The participants were 45 elderly women (mean age 67.71 years; SD: 5.49) that were randomly assigned as the motor-cognitive, motor-motor and control groups. This study including of three stages of pre-test, training in two dual task ways motor-motor and motor-cognitive and post-test. Motor-motor dual-task training includes resistance training along with a motor training simultaneously, such as moving the ball up and down, throwing the bag, holding the bag. Motor-Cognitive dual-task training also includes resistance training along with a cognitive training simultaneously, such as revers the number counting, performing mathematical calculations, the reversing the spelling of particular names. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, statistical methods of mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) 2 × 3 and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The results showed that the working memory score for the motor-cognitive training group is higher than the motor-motor (P= 0.005) and control (P = 0.002) groups. In addition, results showed a higher score of Berg scales of balance for motor-cognitive and motor-motor groups in the post-test compared to pre-test (P = 0.01). However, this increase is the highest in the motor-cognitive group. In general, the results of the research suggest that motor-cognitive dual task training promote balance and improve working memory as a result of enhancing neural functions that outperforms motor-motor or pure motor training model in function.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elderly Women
  • Dual Task Training
  • Resistance Training
  • Cognitive Training
مراجع
  1. Pihlajamaki M, Jauhiainen AM, Soininen H. Structural and functional MRI in mild cognitive impairment. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2009;6(2):179-85.
  2. Sachdev PS, Lipnicki DM, Crawford J, Reppermund S, Kochan NA, Trollor JN, et al. Factors predicting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognitive functioning: A population-based study. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):59649.
  3. Orr R, Raymond J, Singh MF. Efficacy of progressive resistance training on balance performance in older adults. Sports Med. 2008;38(4):317-43.
  4. Weerdesteyn V, Rijken H, Geurts AC, Smits-Engelsman BC, Mulder T, Duysens J. A five-week exercise program can reduce falls and improve obstacle avoidance in the elderly. Gerontol. 2006;52(3):131-41.
  5. Jehu D, Paquet N, Lajoie Y. Balance and mobility training with or without concurrent cognitive training does not improve posture, but improves reaction time in healthy older adults. Gait Posture. 2017;52:227-32.
  6. Alfieri FM, Riberto M, Gatz LS, Ribeiro CP, Lopes JA, Battistella LR. Comparison of multisensory and strength training for postural control in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:119-25.
  7. Sanders AE, Holtzer R, Lipton RB, Hall C, Verghese J. Egocentric and exocentric navigation skills in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2008;63(12):1356-63.
  8. Birren JE. Translations in gerontology: From lab to life: Psychophysiology and speed of response. Am Psychol. 1974;29(11):808-15.
  9. Park DC, Smith AD, Dudley WN, Lafronza VN. Effects of age and a divided attention task presented during encoding and retrieval on memory. J Exp Psychol Learn. 1989;15(6):1185-91.
  10. Owsley C, Ball K, Sloane ME, Roenker DL, Bruni JR. Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers. Psychol. Aging. 1991;6(3):403-15.
  11. de Bruin ED, van Het Reve E, Murer K. A randomized controlled pilot study assessing the feasibility of combined motor–cognitive training and its effect on gait characteristics in the elderly. Clin. Rehabil. 2013;27(3):215-25.
  12. Kahneman D. Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1973. p.63-81.
  13. Rosano C, Aizenstein H, Brach J, Longenberger A, Studenski S, Newman AB. Gait measures indicate underlying focal gray matter atrophy in the brain of older adults. J Gerontol A-Biol. 2008;63(12):1380-8.
  14. Pichierri G, Wolf P, Murer K, de Bruin ED. Cognitive and cognitive-motor interventions affecting physical functioning: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11(1):2-29.
  15. Segev-Jacubovski O, Herman T, Yogev-Seligmann G, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. The interplay between gait, falls and cognition: Can cognitive therapy reduce fall risk? Expert Rev. Neurother. 2011;11(7):1057-75.
  16. Rydwik E, Lammes E, Frändin K, Akner G. Effects of a physical and nutritional intervention program for frail elderly people over age 75: A randomized controlled pilot treatment trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2008;20(2):159-70.
  17. Vestergaard S, Kronborg C, Puggaard L. Home-based video exercise intervention for community-dwelling frail older women: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2008;20(5):479-86.
  18. Giné-Garriga M, Roqué-Fíguls M, Coll-Planas L, Sitjà-Rabert M, Salvà A. Physical exercise interventions for improving performance-based measures of physical function in community-dwelling, frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2014;95(4):753-69.
  19. Kramer AF, Larish JF, Strayer DL. Training for attentional control in dual task settings: a comparison of young and old adults. J Exp Psychol. 1995;1(1):50-76.
  20. Li KZ, Roudaia E, Lussier M, Bherer L, Leroux A, McKinley PA. Benefits of cognitive dual-task training on balance performance in healthy older adults. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 2010;65(12):1344-52.
  21. Plummer P, Zukowski LA, Giuliani C, Hall AM, Zurakowski D. Effects of physical exercise interventions on gait-related dual-task interference in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontol. 2016;62(1):94-117.
  22. Maclean LM, Brown LJ, Khadra H, Astell AJ. Observing prioritization effects on cognition and gait: The effect of increased cognitive load on cognitively healthy older adults’ dual-task performance. Gait Posture. 2017;53:139-44.
  23. Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture. 2002;16(1):1-4.
  24. Alizadeh H, Bahram A, Shahdust K. Comparison of 12-week exercises of Yoga, Pilates and Yogalates on older women functional balance with high risk of falling under dual-task conditions. Motor Behavior. 2017;9(27):49-64. (In Persian).
  25. Seyedian M, Fallah M, Noroozian M, Najat S, Delaware A, Ghasemzadeh H. Preparing and determining the reliability of the Persian version of the short test of mental status. Scientific Journal of the Medical Organization of the Republic of Islamic Iran. 2007;25(4):4.
  26. Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JC. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(12):2234-43.
  27. Halvarsson A, Olsson E, Farén E, Pettersson A, Ståhle A. Effects of new, individually adjusted, progressive balance group training for elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(11):1021-31.
  28. Dorfman M, Herman T, Brozgol M, Shema S, Weiss A, Hausdorff JM, Mirelman A. Dual-task training on a treadmill to improve gait and cognitive function in elderly idiopathic fallers. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2014;38(4):246-53.
  29. Hasher L, Zacks RT. Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. Psychol Learn Motiv. 1988;22:193-225.
  30. Berg KO, Maki BE, Williams JI, Holliday PJ, Wood-Dauphinee SL. Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1992;73(11):1073-80.
  31. Brehmer Y, Westerberg H, Bäckman L. Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012;6:63-76.
  32. Delbroek T, Vermeylen W, Spildooren J. The effect of cognitive-motor dual task training with the biorescue force platform on cognition, balance and dual task performance in institutionalized older adults: A randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(7):1137-43.
  33. Firth J, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Schuch F, Lagopoulos J, Rosenbaum S, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroImage. 2018;166:230-8.
  34. Oswald WD, Gunzelmann T, Rupprecht R, Hagen B. Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: The SimA study in a 5-year perspective. Eur J Ageing. 2006;3(4):179.
  35. Theill N, Schumacher V, Adelsberger R, Martin M, Jäncke L. Effects of simultaneously performed cognitive and physical training in older adults. BMC Neurosci. 2013;14(1):103.
  36. Voss MW, Nagamatsu LS, Liu-Ambrose T, Kramer AF. Exercise, brain, and cognition across the life span. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(5):1505-13.
  37. Mc Nevin NH, Shea CH, Wulf G. Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychol. Res. 2003;67(1):22-9.
  38. Polskaia N, Lajoie Y. Reducing postural sway by concurrently performing challenging cognitive tasks. Hum Movement Sci. 2016;46:177-83.
  39. Whipple RH, Wolfson LI, Amerman PM. The relationship of knee and ankle weakness to falls in nursing home residents: An isokinetic study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987;35(1):13-20.
  40. Rossiter-Fornoff JE, Wolf SL, Wolfson LI, Buchner DM, FICSIT Group. A cross-sectional validation study of the FICSIT common data base static balance measures. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 1995;50(6):291-7
رفتار حرکتی
دوره 12، شماره 39
بهار 1399
فروردین 1399
صفحه 89-106
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 مرداد 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 مرداد 1397
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار