رفتار حرکتی

اثر توهم بینایی بر یادگیری حرکتی ضربة پات‌گلف و خودکارآمدی در سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

نسرین طحان 1
اسماعیل صائمی 2
رسول عابدان زاده 2

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2019.7149.1783
چکیده
پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده درزمینة تأثیر توهم بینایی بر یادگیری حرکتی و خودکارآمدی کودکان و بزرگسالان نتایج مثبتی در برداشته‌اند؛ ازاین­رو، هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر توهم بینایی بر یادگیری ضربة پات‌گلف و خودکارآمدی در سالمندان بود. در این مطالعة نیمه تجربی، 22 سالمند با میانگین سنی 77/1 ± 77/62 سال به روش نمونه­گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه مساوی توهم بینایی بزرگ و توهم بینایی کوچک تقسیم شدند. شرکت­کنندگان تکلیف ضربة پات‌گلف را از فاصلة دومتری در مراحل پیش­آزمون (10 کوشش)، اکتساب (50 کوشش شامل پنج بلوک 10 کوششی)، یادداری (10 کوشش) و انتقال (10 کوشش، از فاصلة جدید 5/2 متری) انجام دادند. یادگیری حرکتی شرکت­کنندگان به‌صورت خطای شعاعی ضربات پات‌گلف ثبت شد. همچنین، از پرسش‌نامة خودکارآمدی بندورابرای سنجش خودکارآمدی استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب و آزمون تی نشان داد که بین دو نوع توهم بینایی در مرحلة اکتساب و انتقال مهارت پات‌گلف تفاوت وجود نداشت؛ اما در مرحلة یادداری، بین یادگیری دو نوع توهم بینایی تفاوت معنا­دار وجود داشت (0.05 ≥ P) و توهم بینایی بزرگ نسبت به توهم بینایی کوچک به بهبود یادگیری حرکتی منجر شد. بهبود خودکارآمدی در هر دو گروه نشان داده شد؛ اما بین خودکارآمدی دو گروه تفاوت معنا­دار مشاهده نشد (P ˃ 0.05). براساس یافته­های مطالعة حاضر می‌توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که سالمندان همانند سایر گروه­های سنی، در شرایط توهم بینایی بزرگ، بهبود یادگیری حرکتی را در مهارت­هایی نظیر ضربة پات‌گلف تجربه می‌کنند. دلیل احتمالی این بهبود می‌تواند افزایش امیدواری تقویت‌شده در شرایط توهم بینایی بزرگ باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توهم بینایی ابینگهاووس
نظریة یادگیری حرکتی بهینه
امیدورای تقویت‌شده
سالمندی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Visual Illusion on Motor Learning of Golf Putting and Self-efficacy in Older Adults

نویسندگان English

Nasrin Tahan 1
Esmaeel Saemi 2
Rasool Abedanzadeh 2
1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

Research on the effect of visual illusion on motor learning and the self-efficacy of children and adults has shown positive results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual illusion on learning of golf putting and self-efficacy in older adults. In this semi-experimental study, 22 older adults with mean age of 62.72 ± 1.77 years were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups: large visual illusion (11) and small visual illusion (11). The participants completed a 2-meter distance golf putting task at pre-test stages (10 trials), acquisition (50 trials; 5 blocks of 10 trials), retention (10 trials), and transfer (10 trials; from a new 2.5 meter) they did. Participants' motor learning was recorded as a radial error in golf putting task. The Bandura self-efficacy questionnaire was used to measure self-efficacy. The results of Mixed ANOVA and t-test showed that although there is no difference between the two types of vision illusion in the acquisition and transfer phase, however, in the retention phase, there is a significant difference between tow visual illusion groups, and the large visual illusion group rather than the small visual illusion group (p≤0.05) resulted in improved motor learning. Also, the results of Mixed ANOVA showed an improvement in self-efficacy in both groups, however, no significant difference was found between the self-efficacy of the two groups. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that older adults, like other age groups, show more motor learning in skills such as golf putting task in large visual illusion conditions. The probable cause of this improvement is an increase in enhanced expectancies in large visual illusion condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ebbinghaus Visual Illusion
Optimal Motor Learning Theory
Enhanced Expectancies
Elderly
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 11، شماره 37
پاییز 1398
آبان 1398
صفحه 151-166

  • تاریخ دریافت 08 اسفند 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری 03 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 شهریور 1398

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