نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار‌‌ دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

2 دانشجوی دکترای دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

3 دانشیار‌ دانشگاه تبریز

4 دانشیار‌ دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی تأثیر تمرینات شناختی حرکتی در بهبود شناخت، تعادل و گام برداری است که پیش‌تر به عنوان عوامل خطرزای افتادن معرفی شده‌اند. مداخله تمرینی با رویکرد شناختی حرکتی به مدت 3 ماه با پیگیری دو ماهه روی 40 سالمند در دو گروه افراد مبتلا به دمانس (20) و افراد دارای وضعیت شناختی طبیعی (20) انجام شد. از این تعداد نیمی مرد و نیم دیگر زن بودند. ارزیابی‌ها شامل تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل خطرزای افتادن (گام برداری، تعادل و وضعیت شناختی) به علاوۀ ارزیابی متغیرهای افتادن و شاخص‌های عملکردی بود. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که آزمودنی‌های مبتلا به دمانس بهبود معنی‌داری در پارامترهای مختلف شناخت، تعادل و گام برداری پس از دوره مداخله داشتند که در 2 ماه پیگیری نیز حفظ شد. این بهبودها با کاهش افتادن و ترس از افتادن و نیز عملکرد بهبود یافته در آزمون‌های برخاستن و حرکت کردن زماندار و دسترسی عملکردی همراه بود (05/0>P). همچنین همبستگی متوسطی بین یکی از پارامترهای تعادل (مسافت نوسان COP در محور AP) با سابقه افتادن برای گروه دمانس مشاهده شد (75/0=r، 05/0>P). یافته ها بیان کنندۀ کاهش معنی‌داری در خطر افتادن در این قشر آسیب پذیر در نتیجۀ بهبود عوامل خطرزای افتادن حاصل از مداخله بود. بهبود در این عوامل با تعداد افتادن های کمتر که توسط پرستاران و خود سالمندان گزارش شد همراه بود. این مطالعه می‌تواند به توسعه یک رویکرد جدید برای پیشگیری و مقابله با خطر افتادن در سالمندان دارای اختلال شناختی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cognition, Balance and Gait in Elderly with Dementia: a Motor Cognitive Approach to Reducing Risk of Falling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Heirani 1
  • Amir Vazini Taher 2
  • Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi 3
  • Naser Behpoor 4

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive motor training on improvement of cognition, balance and gait which has already introduced as risk factors of falling. Three month motor cognitive intervention with two month follow up was applied on 40 elderly divided into two groups: elderly with dementia (20) and cognitively healthy elderly (20). Half of this sample were males and the other half were females. Evaluations included fall risk factors (gait, balance and cognitive state), as well as falling parameters and functional indexes. Subjects had significant improvement in different parameters of cognition, balance and gait after intervention which was maintained in 2 month follow up. These improvements was followed by decreased rate of fall, fear of fall and also enhanced performance in TUG and FR (P<0/05). There was also moderate correlation between a balance parameter (sway distance of COP in AP axis) and fall history in dementia group (r=0/75, p<0/05). Findings demonstrated significant decrease in fall risk among this vulnerable population due to improvement of fall risk factors after intervention. The improvements in these factors were along with less fall rates reported by both nurses and participants. This study can help to develop a new approach to prevention and coping with fall risk in elderly with cognitive impairment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dementia
  • cognitive motor training
  • rehabilitation
  • Falling
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