تأثیر وجوه حسی تصویرسازی ذهنی بر یادگیری مهارت شوت سه‌گام بسکتبال

پورمرادکهن, پریسا; حاتمی, فرزانه; بقاییان, معصومه

doi:10.22089/mbj.2016.887

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تربیت‌دبیر شهید‌رجایی

² استادیار رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تربیت‌دبیر شهید‌رجایی

³ مدرس رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تربیت‌دبیر شهید‌رجایی

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2016.887

چکیده

هدفاز اجرای پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر وجوه حسی تصویرسازی ذهنی بر یادگیری شوت سهگام بسکتبال بود. بدین‌‌منظور،40 دانشجوی دختر (میانگین سنی: 5/2±23 سال) به‌صورت داوطلبانه در پژوهش شرکت نمودند وپرسش‌نامۀ تصویرسازی حرکتی تجدیدنظر‌شدۀ هال و مارتین‌ را به‌منظور مشخص‌نمودن توانایی تصویرسازی تکمیل کردند. پس از آموزشاولیه‌، شرکت‌کنندگان 10 کوشش مربوط به پیش‌آزمون را انجام دادند و سپس،بر‌اساس نمرات پیش‌آزمون و به روش آرایش جور‌کردن نمرات در چهار گروه تصویرسازی بینایی، جنبشی، شنیداری و کنترل قرار گرفتند. مرحلۀ اکتساب شامل شش جلسه تمرین بود و 48 ساعت پس از آزمون اکتساب، آزمون یادداری و آزمون انتقال انجام شد. یافته‌های حاصل از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب با اندازه‌های تکراری درمورد عامل آزمون نشان می‌دهد که اثرات اصلی گروه و آزمون و نیز ‌‌تعامل بین این دو متغیر معنادار می‌باشد. یافته‌های آزمون‌های تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه و تحلیل واریانس در اندازه‌های تکراری به‌عنوان آزمون‌های تعقیبی اثر تعامل نیز بیانگر این هستند که عملکرد سه گروه تصویرسازی در آزمون‌های اکتساب، یادداری و انتقال به‌طور معناداری بهتر از گروه کنترل می‌باشد؛ در‌حالی‌که تفاوت معناداری بین سه گروه تجربی مشاهده نمی‌شود. علاوه‌براین، گروه‌های تجربی در آزمون‌های اکتساب و یادداری، پیشرفت معناداری را نسبت به پیش‌آزمون داشته‌اند. یافته‌های پژوهش بیان می‌کنند که مربیان و معلمان ورزشی با استفاده از هر‌یک از وجوه حسی بینایی، شنیداری و جنبشی در تصویرسازی می‌توانند یادگیری مهارت شوت سه‌گام بسکتبال را تسهیل نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

یادگیری حرکتی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Sensory Modalities of Mental Imagery on Learning Lay-up Shot in Basketball

نویسندگان [English]

Parisa Pour Morad Kohan ¹
Farzaneh Hatami ²
Masoomeh Baghaiyan ³

¹ M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

² Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

³ Teacher of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sensory modalities of mental imagery on learning lay-up shot in basketball. Accordingly, 40 female students (mean age: 23 ± 2.5 years) voluntarily participated in this study and completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised in order to determine their imagery ability. After preliminary instructions, a pretest of 10 trails was performed and then participants were assigned to four groups, including visual imagery, kinesthetic imagery, auditory imagery, and control group according to pretest scores. The acquisition phase included six sessions. Forty-eight hours after the acquisition test, retention and transfer tests were conducted. Mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures on test factor showed that group and test main effects and the interaction of two variables were significant. Findings of one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA as post-hoc tests for interaction effect revealed that imagery groups had significantly better performance in acquisition, retention and transfer tests compared to control group, although there was no significant difference among three experimental groups. In addition, groups showed significant progress in acquisition and retention test compared to pretest. These findings suggest that sport coaches and teachers can facilitate basketball lay-up shot learning using visual, auditory and kinesthetic imagery modalities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Mental Imagery
Sensory Modalities
Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic
Basketball Lay-up Shot

مراجع

1. Mokhtari P, Shojaee M, Dana A. The effect of observational learning service with emphasis on mediating role of self-efficacy‌. Publication Movement.‌ 2003‌; 32(32): ‌117-‌31. (In Persian).

2. Vealey R S, Greenleaf ‌‌C. A. Seeing is believing: Understanding and using imagery in sport‌. In Journal Williatns Education, applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance. 20012(5): 237- 69.

3. Murphy S M‌‌, Jowdy D.P. Imagery and mental practice. In T. S. Horn‌ (Ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology. USA, Champaign. Ill: Human Kinetics. 1992. P 221-50.

4. Morris T. M, Spittle P, Anthony p. Imagery in sport: The mental approach to sport. Human Kinetics; 3 champaien. 2005. P:344-83

5. Sohrabi A. Compare considering internal and external imagery on performance and learning a task tracking (Master‌ thesis). Mashad Azad University; 2009. (In Persian).

6. Marletz M. ‌Psychology imagery. ‌Translated: Gharachedaghi M.12 Publishers Shabahang;asrare nhkesh. 1993.P 35

7. Magill R.A. Motor learning: Conceptand aplications. ‌‌Translated: Mosavi M, Shojaee M‌. 4 Tehran. 1985. Publishers Association Physical Education; p 441 (In Persian).

8 Smith D, Holmes P. The effect of imagery modality on golf putting performance. Jornal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. ‌‌2004; Dec 26(4) 385-‌95.

9 Glyn C,‌ Coen. Learning experiences in sport psychology. ‌‌Translated: Vaez Mosavi M K, Shojaee M. first published Tehran: Publications Development; 2000.P: 123-5.

10. Vealey R S‌, ‌Walter S M. Imagery training for performance enhancement and personal growth. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance.‌ Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield; 1993. P. 209-34.

11. Abma C L‌, Fry M. D‌, Li Y‌, ‌Relyea G. Differences in imagery content and imagery ability between high and low confident track and field athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2002; 14(2): 67-75.

12. Yadolah Zade A. Psychology of imagery in sport. first published Tehran: ‌Hatmi Pub; 2014. P. 54-59. (In Persian).

13. Hasani R. The effects of mental imagery on learning and implementing the soccer dribbling skills of students aged 12 to 14 years (Master‌ thesis). Mashad Azad University; 2006. (In Persian).

14. Vealey R S‌,‌ Greenleaf C A. ‌Seeing is believing‌: Understanding and using imagery in sport‌. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied Sport Psychologi; 2001.8:223-32.

15. Heiland T. L, Rovetti R, Dunn J. ‌Effects of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic imagery interventions on dancers’ plié arabesques. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity. 2012‌; 7:1-5. ‌

16. Guillot A‌, Nadrowska E‌, ‌Collet C. Using motor imagery to learn tactical movements in basketball. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2009; 32(2) 189-206.

17. Jiini Chen K. The effects of imagery practice on basketball free- throw skill hecorning.‌Journal of Sport Psychology. 2003. 44(11): 107-‌17.

18. Schmidt R A‌, ‌Lee T D. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis. 4th ed‌. USA; Champaign IL: Human Kinetics; 2005.P 562.

19. Magill R A‌. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications. 8th ed‌. New York: McGraw Hill; 2007. P. 441.

20. Orlik T, Partington P.: Inner view of winberg Ottawa: Coaching association of Canada. first published Canada. 1998.P. 18-22.

21. Sohrabi M, farsi M, foladeean J. Determine the validity and reliability revised motion imagery MIQ-R. Ministry of Science and Technology Research. 2009.4(5). 13-24 (In Persian).

22. Kashef M, Shalchi F. Measurement and evaluation in physical education.1 Tehran: Meta-Analysis; 2007‌.137-9. (In Persian).

23. Peravi T. The effect of visual imagery and visualization of spatial resolution on motor skills. Peak Noor. 2010; 29(4): 111-‌3.

24. Yosefi A, Khajepoor M, Hatami L. Visual and motor imagery normal and blind students. Research on Exceptional Children. 2008.8(4):283-8. (In Persian).

25. Zeraat Peshe A, Niazi M. The effect of changes in the electrical activity of muscle motor imagery exercises and strength in lower extremities. Knowledge & Health Journal. 2013. 8(4)171-5. (In Persian).

26. Shrifi Daramadi P, Afrooz Gh. Comparison of the effect of sound patterns and personality traits of their adult children who are blind and visually impaired mental imagery. modares. 2000. 4(2). 1-11. (In Persian).

27. Hall E.G, Erffmeyer E.S. The effect of visuo-motor behavior rehearsal with videotaped modeling on free throw accuracy of intercollegiate female basketball players. Journal of Sport Psychology. 1983; 5(2). 343-6.

28. Vinothk B‌. From mental power to muscle power- gaining strength by using the mind. Journal of Neuropsychological. 2004; 42(3): 944-‌56.

29. Cho S. ‌Golfers' experience with multiple imagery interventions and putting performance (Master‌ theses); San Jose State University. ‌2009.

30. Smith D, Collins D. Impact and mechanism of mental practice effects on strength. Journal of Sport Psychology. 2003. 1(3): 293-301.

31 Farahat E. Thon B. Effect of visual and kinesthetic imagery on the learning of patterned movment. Sport Psycology. 2004. 35(11). 119-‌32.

32Toussaint L, Blandin Y. On the role of imagery modalities on motor learning. Journal of Sports Sciences. ‌2010. 28(5): 497–504.

33. Kossert A. L‌,K. Munroe-Chandler K. Exercise imagery: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Retrieved January 8, 2008, www. Bepress.com/jirspa/vol2/iss1/art2.

34. Munroe-Chandler K‌, ‌Hall C. Sport psychology interventions. In P. R. E. Crocker (Ed.), Sport Psychology. A Canadian Perspective. Toronto, ON: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2007. P. 184–213.

35. Hasanzade M. The impact of observational learning, and combines image acquisition and retention football shooting skills (Master thesis). Kerman: Shahid Rajaee Teacher Traning University; 2001. (In Persian).

36. Salmanian A. Meta-analysis of studies in the field of mental practice skills in Iran (Master thesis). Tehran: Tehran University; 2006. (In Persian).

37. Wang Y, ‌Morgan W.P. The effect of imagery perspectives on the psychophysiological responses to imagined exercise. Behavioral Brain Research. 1992; 52(11): 167-‌74.

38. Christina R, ،Corcos W, Daniel M. Coaches Guide to Teaching Sport Skills. Aghdaci M. 1st ed. Tabriz: Tabriz University; 1996.P. 23. (In Persian).

تأثیر وجوه حسی تصویرسازی ذهنی بر یادگیری مهارت شوت سه‌گام بسکتبال

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 8، شماره 26دی 1395صفحه 173-188

دوره 8، شماره 26
دی 1395
صفحه 173-188