Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
2 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
Abstract
Mu rhythm suppression is thought to accompany the activation of the mirror neuron system which occurs when a human observes or imitates the behavior of others. The purpose of present study, was to examine the effects of model skill level on mu rhythm suppression in Basketball Lay-up shot. 13 Physical education students of Tehran Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (mean age: 22.2±1.5 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The demonstration’ order was counterbalanced across participants. They randomly divided into the two groups: one group is observed skilled model, followed by unskilled model, and the other is observed unskilled model followed skilled model. Participants’ Brain Waves were recorded by EEG in three conditions, open eye resting and observing skilled and unskilled model and were transferred to quantitative data by Neuro-guide Software. Mu rhythm Suppression was calculated as a ratio of the alpha absolute power during observation of both models relative to the alpha absolute power in the baseline condition (rest). Results of repeated measures ANOVA with the within-subject factors revealed that model skill and brain area main effects were significant while interaction effect of both variables were not significant. Results of Bonferroni test showed that the mu rhythm in observing skilled model condition was more significantly suppressed compared to the observing unskilled model condition (P≤0.01). In addition, the suppression of mu rhythm in CZ area was significantly greater than the suppression in C3 (P≤0.05). Action observation can activate the brain areas involved in the performance of an actual task.
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Bandura A. Social foundations of thougth and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1986; P. 56.
3. Magill R A. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston, 8th edition; 2007; P. 429.
4. Bandura A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1997; P. 247.
5. Meaney K, Griffin L K, Hart M A. The effect of model similarity on girls motor performance. J Teach Phye Educ. 2005: 24(2): 165-78.
6. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M H. Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice. Translated by: Sh. Tahmasebiborojeni, M. Shahbazi, & Z. Izanlou. Tehran: Sport Publication; 2010. P. 41-3. (In Persian)
7. Lee T D, Swinnen S P, Serrien D J. Cognitive effort and motor learning. Quest; 1994; 46: 328–44.
8. Hatami F, Aslankhani M, Namazizadeh M. The effect of model skill level on performance and learning of volleyball serve. Sport Movement Sciences. 2005; 6: 15- 24. (In Persian)
9. Souzandehpour R, Movahedi A, Mazaheri L, Sharifi G. The comparison of the effect of two methods of self-modelling and video demonstration of an expert on the acquisition and retention of volleyball serve skill. Motor Dev Learn. 2009; 11: 61-77. (In Persian)
10. Zetou E T, Vernakakis G. Modeling in learning two volleyball skill. Percept Motor Skill. 2002; 94: 1131-42.
11. Arab Ameri E, Farokhi A, Bagher Zadeh F, Vaez Mousavi M K. The effect of model proficiency level on acquisition, retention and transfer of motor skill. Movement. 2004; 21: 123–44. (In Persian)
12. Abdoli B, Farsi A, Shoja O. The effect of self- controlled observational practice and model’s skill level on badminton long serve. Motor Behav. 2015; 7(20): 35–48. (In Persian)
13. Shayan Noush Abadi A, Houmanian D, Abedini Parizi H, Fazel Kolkhoran J. The interactional effect of modeling (skilled and self-model) and feedback on performance and learning of dart throwing skill. Motor Dev Learn. 2012; 10: 123-42. (In Persian)
14. Lotfi Gh, Mohammad Pour M. The effect of three models of observational learning on acquisition and learning of archery’s skill in novice boy adolescents. Int J Sport Stud. 2014; 4 (4): 480-6.
15. Cheng Y, Lee P L, Yang Ch Y, Lin Ch P, Hung D, Decety J. Gender differences in the Mu Rhythm of the human mirror-neuron system. Plos One. 2008; 3(5): 2113.
16. Fabbri D, Rizzolatti G M. Mirror neurons and mirror systems in monkeys and humans. Physiol. 2008; 23(3): 171-9.
17. Gallese V, Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Rizzolatti G. Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain. 1996; 119: 593–609.
18. Rizzolatti G, Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Gallese V. Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Res. 1996; 3: 131–41.
19. Rizzolatti G, Craighero L. The mirror-neuron system. Ann Rev Neurosci. 2004;
20(27): 169–92.
21. Ramachandran V S. Miror neurons and learning as the driving force imitation behind the great leap forward in human evolution. Edge; 2015/7/8. http://www.edge.org.
22. Kim T, Cruz A. Differences in brain activation during motor imagery and action observation of golf putting. Department of Physical Education Keimyung University South Korea. 2011; 6(15): 3132-38.
23. Van Elk M, Van Schie H T, Hunnius S, Vesper C, Bekkering H. You Will never crawl alone: Neurophysiological evidence for experience dependent motor resonance in infancy. Neuroimage. 2008; 43: 808-14.
24. Lepage J F, Heoret H. EEG evidence for the presence of an action observation- execution matching system in children. Eur J Neurosci. 2006; 23: 2505-10.
25. Camels C, Jarry G, Stam C J. Changes in local and distant EEG activities before, during and after the observation and execution of sequential finger movements. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009; 6(39): 303–12.
26. Nystrom P, Ljunghammar T, Rosander T, Hofsten C. Using Mu Rhythm perturbations to measure mirror neuron activity in infants. Dev Sci. 2011; 14(2): 327-35.
27. Nasr Azadani S, Ghamarani A, Yar Mohammadian A. Mirror neurons and role of them in imitation and theory of mind in autism spectrum children. Except Educ. 2013; 8(121): 42-8. (In Persian)
28. Eskandarnejad M, Abdoli B, Nazari M A. Effects of neurofeedback training on electroencephalographic changes and performance in novice archers (Doctoral dissertation). Shahid Beheshti University; 2011. (In Persian)
29. Oberman L M, Pineda J A, Ramachandran V S. The human mirror system: A link between action observation and social skills. Scan. 2007; 2: 62-6.
30. Wiedermann J. Coupling perception with via mirror neurons. SID.IR; 2015/8/7. http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim.
)