Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M. Sc. Student of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabataba'i University
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabataba'i University
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sport Stacking on perceptual-motor skills in children 8-9 year's elementary school. For this, 34 boys (8.8±0.4) years were selected using convenience sampling. After taking a pre-test by Purdue Peg board and reactions time test, based on scores, subjects were divided in two groups, control and experimental. Interventions consist of sport stacking games training. Sport stacking training was performed in 4 weeks, 45 min sessions, 4 times per week. For data analyzing, Kolmogorove-Smirnov test for normality were used. Also for hypothesis testing the Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) were used. The results of analyses of covariate showed the significant effect of sport stacking training on eye hand coordination (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on improving reaction time (P>0.05). According to this study, sport stacking can be used to promote eye-hand coordination of elementary school children, in physical education programs and kindergartens program and rehabilitation centers for children.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Davodi N, Salman Z. The effect of school selected games on fundamental skill (locomotion- object control) in girls & boys 7-9 years. Master thesis. Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2014. (In Persian).
- Delbari M, Mohamad Zadeh H. The impact of computer games on IQ, reaction time and movement time teenagers. Jour of Motor Learning. 2009; 1(1): 135-45. (In Persian).
- Griffiths M. The educational benefits of videogames. Edu and Health. 2002; 20(3): 47-51.
- Engelen L, Bundy A C, Naughton G, Simpson J M, Bauman A, Ragen J, et al. Increasing physical activity in young primary school children—it's child's play: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Prev Med. 2013; 56(5): 319-25.
- Smits-Engelsman B C, Wilson P H, Westenberg Y, Duysens J. Fine motor deficiencies in children with developmental coordination disorder and learning disabilities: An underlying open-loop control deficit. Hum Movement Sci. 2003; 22(4): 495-513.
- Farokhi A, Ahmadzadeh Z, Abdimoghadam S. The effect of computer games and vernacular on eye-hand coordination for children 7 to 10 years old. Jour of Motor Beha. 2014; 6(15): 61-72. (In Persian).
- Elena S, Georgeta N, Cecila G, Lupu E. Perceptual-motor development of children in elementary school. Procedia-Soci and Sci. 2014; 114: 632-6.
- Payne VG, Isaacs LD. Human motor development approach to life. Translated by: Khalaji H & Khajavi D. 1st ed. Arak: Arak University Press. 2005;30-115 (In Persian).
- Piek J, Baynam G, Barrett N. The relationship between fine and gross motor ability, self-perceptions and self-worth in children and adolescents. Hum Mov Sci. 2006; 25: 65-75.
- Ploughman M. Exercise is brain food: the effects of physical activity on cognitive function. Develop Neuro Reh. 2008; 11(3): 236-40.
- Fedewa A L, Ahn S. The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2011; 82(3): 521-35.
- Amini M. Impact two exercise program on eye-hand coordination first-grade male students. Master thesis. Tehran: Tehran University; 2006. (In Persian).
- Pei Y C, Chou S W, Lin P S, Lin Y C, Hsu T H, Wong A M. Eye-hand coordination of elderly people who practice Tai Chi Chuan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2008; 107(2): 103-10.
- Ellemberg D, St-Louis-Deschênes M. The effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive function during development. Psychol of Sport and Exe. 2010; 11(2): 122-6.
- Chang Y K, Labban J D, Gapin J I, Etnier J L. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Res. 2012; 1453: 87-101.
- Qelich Pour B, Shahbazi M, Bagherzadeh F. The impact Tanavarz National Plan on hand-eye coordination of school male students. Jour Motor Learning. 2013; 5(4): 57-69. (In Persian).
- Halewyck F, Lavrysen A, Levin O, Boisgontier M P, Elliott D, Helsen W F. Both age and physical activity level impact on eye-hand coordination. Hum Movement Sci. 2014; 36: 80-96.
- Lee K Y, Hui-Chan C W, Tsang W W. The effects of practicing sitting Tai Chi on balance control and eye-hand coordination in the older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2015; 37(9): 790-4.
- Udermann B E, Mayer J M, Murray S R, Sagendorf K. Influence of cup stacking on hand-eye coordination and reaction time of second-grade students. Percept Motor Skill. 2004; 98(2): 409-14.
- Hart M A, Smith L A, deChant A. Influence of participation in a cup-stacking unit on timing tasks. Percept Motor Skill. 2005; 101(3): 869-76.
- Stephens L, Li Y, Coleman D, Ransdell M, Irwin C, Grindle V. Effects of a sport stacking intervention on second-grade students. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2009; 80(1): 49-50.
- Li Y, Coleman D, Ransdell M, Coleman L, Irwin C. Sport stacking activities in school children's motor skill development. Percept Motor Skill. 2011; 113(2): 431-8.
- Zareian E, Delavarian F. Effect of sport stacking on fine motor proficiency of children with Down Syndrome. Inter Jour of Sport Stu. 2014; 4(8): 1010-6. (In Persian).
- Vieten M, Scholz M, Kilani H, Kohloeffel M. Reaction time in taekwondo. InISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive 2007 Dec 12 (Vol. 1, No. 1).
- Mehdizadeh H, Taghizadeh G, Ashayeri H. Test-retest reliability of the Purdue Pegboard Test in drug on-phase for patients with Parkinson's disease. Koomesh. 2010; 11(3): 189-97. (In Persian).
- Nourbakhsh P. Perceptual-motor abilities and their relationship with academic performance of fifth grade pupils in comparison with Oseretsky Scale. Kinesiology. 2006; 38(1): 40-8. (In Persian).
- Narimani M, Rajabi S, Ahadi B, Hosseini S. Comparison of reaction time, distraction and fatigue in thedrivers involved in accidentsand normal drivers individuals. Knowl Res Appl Psychol. 2011; 12(2): 44. (In Persian).
- Elena S, Georgeta N, Cecila G, Lupu E. Perceptual-motor development of children in elementary school. Procedia-Soci and Sci. 2014; 114: 632-6.
- Chen C C, Lin S Y. The impact of rope jumping exercise on physical fitness of visually impaired students. Res Dev Disabil. 2011; 32(1): 25-9.
- Aparo L. Influence of sport stacking on hand-eye coordination in children aged 7-11. Master thesis. Italy, Foro: Universita Deglistudi Diroma; 2009.
- Li Y, Coleman D, Ransdell M, Coleman L, Irwin C. The effect of a sport stacking intervention on handwriting with second grade students. Physi Edu. 2014; 71(1): 59.
- de Aquino-Lemos V, Santos R V, Antunes H K, Lira F S, Bittar I G, Caris A V, et al. Acute physical exercise under hypoxia improves sleep, mood and reaction time. Physiol Behav. 2016; 154: 90-9.
- Brisswalter J, Collardeau M, René A. Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports Med. 2002; 32(9): 555-66.
- Oweis P, Spinks W. Biopsychological, affective and cognitive responses to acute physical activity. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 2001; 41(4): 528.
- Kida N, Oda S, Matsumura M. Intensive baseball practice improves the Go/ Nogo reaction time, but not the simple reaction time. Cognitive Brain Res. 2005; 22(2): 257-64.
- Zemková E, Hamar D. Agility performance in athletes of different sport specializations. Acta Gym. 2014; 44(3): 133-40.
)