Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks walking training on cobblestone mats on spatio-temporal parameters for the elderly women. Twenty community-dwelling elderly women, aged 65-80, eligible to participate in the study, were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). Experimental group trained walking on artificial cobblestone-mats for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Zebris Gait Analyzing System was used for measuring Balance indices during gait in pre and posttests. Mixed ANOVA test revealed a significant effect of time-group interaction (P<0.05). We used the paired samples T test to compare the mean test scores before (pre-test) and after (post-test) intervention in each group. Independent t test was also used to evaluate the differences in means between experimental and control groups in pre and posttest. Results showed a significant difference between pre and posttests mean scores of cadence, stride length, gait velocity, variability of velocity for experimental group (P<0.05) not in control group (P>0.05).Between group analysis showed that there were significant differences between posttest mean scores in two groups in cadence, stride length, gait velocity and variability of velocity (P<0.05).We concluded the 12 week walking training on artificial cobblestone-mat effects on risk factors of falls during walking in elderly.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Van Leeuwen IM, Vera J, Wolkenhauer O. Dynamic energy budget approaches for modelling organismal ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Nov 12;365(1557):3443-54. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0071
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division World Population Ageing 2015
- Su Yeon Roh. The effect of 12-week Pilates exercises on wellness in the elderly. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2016,12(2):119-23
- United Nations Population Division. World Population Ageing 2007, New York.
- Kalache A, Aboderin I, Hoskins I. Compression of morbidity and active ageing: key priorities for public health policy in the 21st century. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002;80(3):243-4.
- Javadi-Pashaki N, Mohammadi F, Jafaraghaee F, Mehrdad N. Keeping up with the caravan of life: Successful aging strategies for Iranian women, International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 2015,10:29500.
- Spiriduso, W. Physical dimention of aging. Champaign, Illinoise: Human kinetics,1995.
- Sung-hyun, Y. Effect of Multisensory Intervention on Locomotor Function in Older Adults with a History of Frequent Falls. Kautpt 2004.11.
- Hu, M. H., Woollacott, M. H.Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults: I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance. J Gerontol. Mar; 1994.49(2):52-61.
- Shaffer, S. W., Harrison, A. L. Aging of the Somatosensory System: A Translational Perspective. PHYS THER, 2007.87 (2): 193-207.
- Menz, H. B., Lord, S. R., Fitzpatrick, R. C. Age-related differences in walking Stability, Age and Ageing. 2003, (32): 137–42.
- Rogers, H. L., Cromwell, R. L., Grady, J. L. Adaptive Changes in Gait of Older and Younger Adults as Responses to Challenges to Dynamic Balance. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2008, (16):85-96.
- Nurse, M. A., Hulliger, M., Wakeling, J. M., Nigg, B. M., Stefanyshyn, D. J. Changing the texture of footwear can alter gait patterns, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2005.15(5):496-506.
- Shumway-Cook, A., Woollacott, M. Motor Control (Theory and Practical Applications). (2nd ed.). Baltimore, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20012nd Section, 163-7.
- Shaffer, S. W., Harrison, A. L. Aging of the Somatosensory System: A Translational Perspective. PHYS THER, 2007.87 (2): 193-207.
- Westlake, K. P., Wu, Y., Culham, E. G. Sensory-Specific Balance Training in Older Adults: Effect on Position, Movement, and Velocity Sense at the Ankle. PHYS THER, 2007.87(5):560-8
- Li, F., Fisher, K. J., Harmer, P. Improving physical function and blood pressure in older adults through cobblestone mat walking: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2005. 53(8):1305-12.
- Asadi Ghaleni M, Shams A, Taheri HR. The effects of one period of exercise walking program on textured surface on balance in Multiple sclerosis patients. Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ) 2015; 18(94): 61-8.
- Palluel, E., Olivier, I., Nougier, V. The Lasting Effects of Spike Insoles on Postural Control in the Elderly. Behavioral Neuroscience, 2009.123(5): 1141–7.
- Zijlstra, W. Assessment of spatio-temporal parameters during unconstrained walking: Eur J Appl Physiol, 2004; 92(1-2): 39-44.
- Sadeghi, H., Prince, F., Zabjek, K.F., Allard, P. Sagittal- Hip- Muscle power during walking in old and young able- bodied men: J Aging & Physical Activity, 2001(9): 172-83
- Alexander NB. Gait disorders in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996; 44(4):434-51.
- Sadeghi H, Norouzi H R. Spatio-Temporal Parameters' Changes in Gait of Male Elderly Subjects. Salmand. 2010; 4 (2) :71-6.
- Persch LN, Ugrinowitsch C, Pereira G, Rodacki AL. Strength training improves fall-related gait kinematics in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial, Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2009; 24(10):819-25.
- Rose, D. J. Fallproof, A comprehensive balance and mobility training program, 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, USA; 2010.
- Payne, A. G., Isaacs, D. L. Human Motor Development.5th Ed. Boston. Mc Graw Hill; 2002.
- Sadeghi H, Norouzi H R. Spatio-Temporal Parameters' Changes in Gait of Male Elderly Subjects. Salmand. 2010; 4 (2) :71-6.
- Elble, R. J., Sienko Thomas, S., Higgins, C., Colliver, J. Stride- dependent changes in gait of older people, J Neurol, 1991; 238: 1-5.
- Brach, J. S., Berthold, R., Craik, R., Van Swearingen, J. M., Newman, A. B. Gait Variability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2001; 49(12):1646-50.
- Lovden, M., Schaefer, S., Pohlmeyer, A. E., Lindenberger, U. Walking Variability and Working- Memory Load in Aging: A Dual- Process Account Relating Cognitive Control to Motor Control Performance. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci., 2008.63 (3): 121–8.
- Maki, B. E. Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1997.45(3):313-20.
- Williams J. Reflexology - The Reflexology Comprehensive Guide to Relieve Stress, Treat Illness, Reduce Pain and Improve your Overall Health, ASIN: B01BIKZ41U; 2016.
- Ghasemi, E. A comparative study of the relationship between changes in kinematic parameters of gait with decreased muscle strength and range of motion of the ankle joint proprioception and poly-neuropathy in elderly men with type 2 diabetes and healthy elderly men, Thesis, Master in Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, 2005. (In Persian)
- Moghadam, M. The effect of balance training single task and dual task performance postural control in the elderly, PhD thesis in Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2011. (In Persian)
)