Motor Behavior

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Magazine fees received

Guide for Authors

forms

Peer Review Process

Comparison of Visual Impairments and Motor Problems between Children 3-7 Age Preterm and Term

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Birth weight is one of the important indicators of neonatal health and is considered best way to measure gestation outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare visual impairments and motor problems between children 3-7 age with very low, extremely low and term birth weight. The participants of this study were 128 children with very low, extremely low and term birth weight, who were selected as available. The MABC-2 test was used evaluated motor performances and visual functions such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Stereo acuity, Strabismus, nystagmus, Accommodation, convergence and visual perception measuring by a paediatric ophthalmologist. Results multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test demonstrated that there is a significant difference between motor function in the three groups of children (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between visual function of the three groups (P=0.051). Therefore, results showed that visual and motor disorders in preterm children is higher compared to term children population, so the first step is more clinical knowledge.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: Preliminary data for 2008. National vital statistics reports. 2010; NVSR, 59(3):1-19.
  2. World Health Organization. Preterm Birth. World Health Organization. 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/ [cited 2018 Nov 12].
  3. Woodward LJ, Anderson PJ, Austin NC, Howard K, Inder TE. Neonatal MRI to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. New England Journal of Medicine. NEJOM, 2006; 355(7):685-94.
  4. Beauchamp MH, Thompson DK, Howard K, Doyle LW, Egan GF, Inder TE, et al. Preterm infant hippocampal volumes correlate with later working memory deficits. Brain. 2008; 131(11):2986-94.
  5. Williams J, Lee KJ, Anderson PJ. Prevalence of motor‐skill impairment in preterm children who do not develop cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. DMCN, 2010; 52(3):232-7.
  6. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. 2000; 283(15).
  7. Skranes J, Evensen KI, Løhaugen GC, Martinussen M, Kulseng S, Myhr G, et al. Abnormal cerebral MRI findings and neuro impairments in very low birth weight (VLBW) adolescents. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. EJOPN, 2008; 12(4):273-83.
  8. Brown L, Burns YR, Watter P, Gibbons KS, Gray PH. Motor performance, postural stability and behaviour of non-disabled extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight children at four to five years of age. Early human development. EHD, 2015; 91(5):309-15.
  9. Bos AF, Van Braeckel KN, Hitzert MM, Tanis JC, Roze E. Development of fine motor skills in preterm infants. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. DMOCN, 2013; 55:1-4.
  10. Ribeiro CDC, Pachelli MRDO, Amaral NCDO, Lamônica DAC. Development skills of children born premature with low and very low birth weight. Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia. SBF, 2017; 29(1): 18-25.
  11. Kara ÖK, Günel MK, Açikel C, Yiğit Sm Aeslan M. Is there any difference between high-risk infants with different birth weight and gestational age in neurodevelopmental characters? Turk Pediatri Aes. 2015; 50(3):151-7.
  12. Karimi M, Fallah R, Fallahzadeh M H, Dehghanpoor A, Mirzaee M. Comparison of growth in five-year-old children and without history of low birth weight. J Shahid Safoughi Univ Med Sci. 2012; 19(6):766-74. (In Persian).
  13. Kazerooni S, Keshavarz K, Abasi R, Zoladl M, Asadi H, Sharafieyan S, et al. Status of development of premature children from 4 To 12 Months in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission based on the ASQ questionnaire. Armaghane Danesh. DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRIC, YASUJ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. 2014; 19(9):780-7. (In Persian).
  14. Ghasemi A, Maghsoodi M, Daneshfar A. Comparison of motor and cognitive development between typically developing preschool children and children born low birth weight. Motor Behavior. Motor Behavior. 2017; 9(27):129-40. (In Persian).
  15. Rahavi Ezabadi R, Hejazi Dinan P, Hamidi N. Comparing of motor proficiency, behaviour and educational progress preterm children 8-10 years with term children. Motor Behaviour. 2018; 10(33):17-34. (In Persian).
  16. Arzani A, Kermanshahi SM, Zahedpasha Y, Saleh Mohamadzadeh E. The role of predischarge mothers’ education on follow-up examination of visual, hearing and brain problems in Preterm neonates. Hormozgan Med J. 2009; 13(2):115-22. (In Persian).
  17. Birch EE, O'Connor AR. Preterm birth and visual development. Seminars in Neonatology. WB Saunders. 2001; 6(6):487-97.
  18. Braddick O, Atkinson J. Visual control of manual actions: Brain mechanisms in typical development and developmental disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. DVCN, 2013; 55:13–8.
  19. Kravitz DJ, Saleem KS, Baker CI, Mishkin M. A new neural framework for visuospatial processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. NPN, 2011; 12(4):217–230.
  20. Houwen S, Hartman E, Visscher C. Physical activity and motor skills in children with and without visual impairments. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. MSSEM, 2009; 41(1):103-9.
  21. Liláková D, Hejcmanová D, Marešová J. Visual impairment in premature children in school age. Acta Medica Lituanica. AML, 2006; 13(3): 197-200.
  22. O’connor AR. Preterm birth: The ophthalmic consequences. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal. BIO, 2011; 8:3-9.
  23. Dowdeswell HJ, Slater AM, Broomhall J, Tripp J. Visual deficits in children born at less than 32 weeks' gestation with and without major ocular pathology and cerebral damage. British Journal of Ophthalmology. BJO, 1995; 79(5):447-52.
  24. Molloy CS, Wilson-Ching M, Anderson VA, Roberts G, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW. Victorian infant collaborative study group. Visual processing in adolescents born extremely low birth weight and/or extremely preterm. Pediatrics. 2013; 132: 704-712.
  25. Spencer R. Long-term visual outcomes in extremely low-birth-weight children (an American ophthalmological society thesis). Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. AOS, 2006; 104: 493-502.
  26. Taylor HG, Minich N, Bangert B, Filipek PA, & Hack M. Long-term neuropsychological outcomes of very low birth weight: Associations with early risks for periventricular brain insults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. INS, 2004; 10:987–1004.
  27. Rose SA, Feldman JF, Jankowski JJ, Van Rossem R. Basic information processing abilities at 11 years' account for deficits in IQ associated with preterm birth. Intelligence. 2011; 39:198–209.
  28. Coren S, Hakstian R. Screening for stereopsis without the use of technical equipment: scale development and cross-validation. Int J Epidemiol. 1996; 25(1):146–51.
  29. Danks M, Maideen MF, Burns YR, O'Callaghan MJ, Gray PH, Poulsen L, et al. The long-term predictive validity of early motor development in “apparently normal” ELBW survivors. Early human development. EHD, 2012; 88(8):637-41.
  30. Sullivan MC, McGrath MM. Perinatal morbidity, mild motor delay, and later school outcomes. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. DMCN, 2003; 45(02):104-12.
  31. Sullivan MC, Msall ME. Functional performance of preterm children at age 4. Journal of pediatric nursing. JPN, 2007; 22(4):297-309.
  32. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. HThe growth of stability: Postural control from a developmental perspective. Journal of motor behaviour. JMB, 1985; 17(2):131-47.
  33. Geldof CJ, van Hus JW, Jeukens-Visser M, Nollet F, Kok JH, Oosterlaan J, et al. Deficits in vision and visual attention associated with motor performance of very preterm/very low birth weight children. Research in developmental disabilities. RDD, 2016; 53:258-66.
  34. Geldof CJA, Oosterlaan J, Vuijk PJ, de Vries MJ, Kok JH, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG. Visual sensory and perceptive functioning in 5-year-old very preterm/very-low-birth weight children. Dev Med Child Neural. 2014; 56:862–8.
  35. Evensen KAI, Lindqvist S, Indredavik MS, Skranes J, Brubakk AM, Vik T. Do visual impairments affect risk of motor problems in preterm and term low birth weight adolescents? European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. EPNJ, 2009; 13(1):47-56.
  36. Henderson SE, Sugden DA, Barnett AL, Smits-Engelsman C. Movement assessment battery for children: Examiner’s manual (2nd ed.). London: Harcourt Assessment; 2007. P: 19-184.
  37. Henderson SH E, Henderson L, Fiers MJ, Smits-Engelsman B CM. Integrator reliability of the movement assessment battery for children. Physical Therapy. JPT, 2008; 88(2):286-94.
  38. Henderson SH E, Schulz J, Sugden DA, Barnet AL. Structural validity of the Movement ABC-2 test: Factor structure comparisons across three age groups. Research in Developmental Disabilities. JRDD, 2011; 32:1361-9.
  39. Haj Moha mmadi F, Zare Zadeh M, Madadi M. Determining reliability and validity of movement assessment battery for children-2 for 3-6 aged children of Kerman city. [Master's thesis]: [Kerman]. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; 2015. (In Persian).
  40. MacEwen CJ, Gregson R. Manual of strabismus surgery. Butterworth-Heinemann Medical. BHM, 2003. 60-89.
  41. Hayes GJ, Cohen BE, Rouse MW & De PL. Normative values for the near point of convergence of elementary schoolchildren. Optometry and vision science: Official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. AAO, 1998; 75(7):506-12.
  42. Pfeiffer B, Moskowitz B, Paoletti A, Brusilovskiy E, Zylstra SE, Murray T. Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (VMI): An Effective Outcome Measure for Handwriting Interventions for Kindergarten, First-Grade, and Second-Grade Students?. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2015 Jul 1; 69(4): 1-7.
  43. De Kieviet JF, Piek JP, Aarnoudse-Moens CS, Oosterlaan J. Motor development in very preterm and very low-birth-weight children from birth to adolescence: A meta-analysis. Jama. 2009; 302(20): 35-42.
  44. Volpe JJ. Brain injury in premature infants: A complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8:110–24.
  45. Feder KP, Majnemer A, Bourbonnais D, Platt R, Blayney M, Synnes, A. Handwriting performance in preterm children compared with term peers at age 6 to 7 years. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. DMCN, 2005; 47(3):163-70.
  46. De Kieviet, JF, Stoof CJ, Geldof CJ, Smits N, Piek JP, Jafeber HN, et al. The crucial role of the predictability of motor response in visuomotor deficits in very preterm children at school age. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. DMCN, 2013; 55(7):624-30.
  47. Holmström G, El Azazi M, Kugelberg U. Ophthalmological follow up of preterm infants: A population based, prospective study of visual acuity and strabismus. British journal of ophthalmology. BJO, 1999; 83(2):143-50.
  48. Milner AD, Goodale MA. Two visual systems re-viewed. Neuropsychological. NP, 2008; 46:74–85.
  49. Kravitz DJ, Saleem KS, Baker CI, Mishkin M. A new neural framework for visuospatial processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. NRN, 2011; 12:217–30.
  50. Bourne JA. Unravelling the development of the visual cortex: Implications for plasticity and repair. Journal of Anatomy. JA, 2010; 217:449–68.
  51. Solimani F. Developmental outcome of low-birth-weight premature infants. Iran J Pediatr. 2007; 17(1):117-25. (In Persian).
Motor Behavior
Volume 11, Issue 37
Fall 2019
October 2019
Pages 87-106
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 22 October 2018
  • Revise Date: 05 February 2019
  • Accept Date: 16 February 2019
Share
How to cite
Statistics