The Comparison of Visual Skills between Expert and Novice Basketball Referees

Rafiee, Saleh; Vaez Moosavi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Ghasemi, Abdollah

doi:10.22089/mbj.2017.1848.1435

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Sport Science Research Institute of Iran (SSRI), Tehran, Iran

² Professor of Motor Behavior, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2017.1848.1435

Abstract

This study aims to draw a comparison of Visual skills and Decision-Making accuracy between expert and novice Basketball referees. 38 male referees took part in the research and were divided into two groups of experts and novices (Each group consisting of 19 people). Participants took part in a video test and their decision-making accuracy was registered through a clip test. In another part of this research peripheral vision skill, vergence, speed of eye saccadic movement and facility of accommodation in both groups were evaluated. In order to analyze data, Independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression used. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in their decision-making accuracy, facility of accommodation and speed of eye saccadic movement but there is no significant difference in their vergence and peripheral vision skill. And also results of multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise method showed that speed of eye saccadic movement and facility of accommodation were significant variables for research criteria (decision making skill) respectively. Expert referees may be able to extract more relevant decision-making information from the same visual field as compared to the novice referees that will help to make more accurate decisions. Speed of eye saccadic movement and facility of accommodation had important role in extracting information from visual field.

Keywords

20.1001.1.2538273.1399.12.39.1.9

Main Subjects

Motor learning

References

1. Tuero C, Tabernero B, Marquez S, Guillen F. Análisis de los factores que influyen en la práctica del arbitraje [Analysis of the factors that influences arbitration factors]. Revista Scape. 2002; 1(1):7–16.

2. Farrow D, Baker J, MacMahon C. Developing sport expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Routledge; 2008. p. 172-90.

3. Guillen F, Feltz DL. A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Front Psychol. 2011; 2(article 25):1-5.

4. Schweizer G‌, Henning P, Ralf B. Establishing standards for basketball elite referees' decisions. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2013; 25(3):370-5.

5. Mallo J, Frutos PG, Juárez D, Navarro E. Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches. J Sport Sci. 2012; 30(13):1437-45.

6. Souchon N, Geneviève C, Alan T, Fabrice D, Andrew L, Marc J, et al. Referees’ decision-making and player gender: The moderating role of the type of situation. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2010; 22(1):1-16.

7. Unkelbach C, Memmert D. Crowd noise as a cue in referee decisions contributes to the home advantage. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2010; 32(4):483-98.

8. Button Ch, Hare D, Mascarenhas D. Developing a method to examine decision-making and physical demands of football refereeing. SPARC & NZ Soccer; 2006. p. 2-28.

9. Loran DFC, MacEwen CJ. Sports vision. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995. p. 12.

10. Magill R, Anderson D. (editors). Motor learning: Concept and application. Translated by Vaez Mousavi SMK, Shojaie M. Tehran: Bamdad Ketab; 2011. p. 207. (In Persian)

11. Wimshurst ZL, Sowden PT, Cardinale M. Visual skills and playing positions of Olympic field hockey players. Percept Mot Skills. 2012; 114(1):204-16.

12. Jafarzadehpur E, Aazami N, Bolouri B. Comparison of saccadic eye movements and facility of ocular accommodation in female volleyball players and non‐players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007; 17(2):186-90.

13. Zwierko T. Differences in peripheral perception between athletes and non-athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2007; 19(1):53‐62.

14. Dogan B. Multiple-choice reaction and visual perception in female and male elite athletes. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 2009; 49:91-6

15. Ghasemi A, Momeni M, Rezaee M, Gholami A. The difference in visual skills between expert versus novice soccer referees. J Hum Kinet. 2010; 22(1):15-20.

16. Ando S. Peripheral visual perception during exercise: Why we cannot see. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013; 41(2):87-92.

17. Morgan S, Patterson J. Differences in oculomotor behavior between elite athletes from visually and non-visually oriented sports. Int J Sport Psychol. 2009; 40(4):489-505.

18. Di Russo F, Pitzalis S, Spinelli D. Fixation stability and saccadic latency in elite shooters. Vision Res. 2003; 43(17):1837-45.

19. Hancock D, Ste-Marie Diane M. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher and lower-level ice hockey referees. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013; 14(1):66-7.

20. Catteeuw P, Helsen W, Gilis B, Van RE, Wagemans J. Visual scan patterns and decision-making skills of expert assistant referees in offside situations. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009; 31:786-97.

21. Jafarzadehpur E, Yarigholi MR. Comparison of visual acuity in reduced lumination and facility of ocular accommodation in table tennis champions and non-players. J Sports Sci Med. 2004; 3(1):44-8.

22. Land MF, McLeod P. From eye movements to actions: How batsmen hit the ball. Nat Neurosci. 2000; 3:1340–5.

23. Maman. P, Sandeep Kumar B, Jaspal Singh S. Role of sports vision and eye hand coordination training in performance of table tennis players. Braz J Biomotricity. 2011; 5(2):106-16.

24. Quevedo L, Sole J, Palmi J, Planas A, Saona C. Experimental study of visual training effects in shooting initiation. Clin Exp Optom. 1999; 82(1):23-8.

25. Quintana MS, Refoyo Román I, Lorenzo Calvo A, Sampedro Molinuevo J. Perceptual visual skills in young highly skilled basketball players. Percept Mot Skills. 2007; 104(2):547-61.

26. Wilson TA, Falkel J. Sportsvision: Training for better performance. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics; 2004. p. 145.

27. Wenya Nan, Feng Wan, Chin Ian Lou, Mang I Vai, Agostinho Rosa. Peripheral visual performance enhancement by neurofeedback training. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2013; 38(4):285–29.

28. Ludeke A, Ferreira JT. The difference in visual skills between professional versus non-professional rugby players. J South Africa optomet. 2003; 62(4):150-8.

The Comparison of Visual Skills between Expert and Novice Basketball Referees

References

References

Volume 12, Issue 39Spring 2020April 2020Pages 17-32

Volume 12, Issue 39
Spring 2020
April 2020
Pages 17-32