Motor Behavior

The Comparison Effects of Individual and Group Competition on Acquisition and Retention of a Sport Skill

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

2 Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

Abstract
It is well documented that competition can affect performance in sports. However, investigators have not studied the effects of types of competition on learning sport skills. The main purpose of the present study was to compare theeffects of individual and group competition on acquisition and retention of volleyball serve. A total of forty male adolescents (age ranged from (16 to 18) were divided into either an individual or group competition groups. The participants were novitiate in volleyball. Based on the task pre-test scores, participants were required to exercise the task either in individual or group competition environments. The AAHPERD volleyball serve test (1984) was used to measure the task performance. The participants of the two experimental groups exercised the task for 10 sessions. Pretest, acquisition tests and retention tests were taken at pre intervention, acquisition, and post intervention times respectively. For analyzing data, independent sample t test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used. The results showed that the performance of the two groups was found to be similar across acquisition phase while a between group significant difference was found at immediate and delay retention phase in terms of the skill performance. The results also showed that the performance of group competition participants was better than the performance of individual competition participants. We suggest that teachers and instructors use the results of the present study to decide on the type of competitive environment for teaching volleyball serve to adolescent male students.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (4 ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005. p. 122-42.
  2. Spalding GL. Motivation in classrooms. City: Tehran, Tarbiat Moalem University Publication; 1997. p. 86-100.
  3. Sage GH. Motor learning and control: A neuropsychological approach. Brown; 1984. p. 211-244.
  4. Farzaneh H. The effect of competition on acquisition and retention of a perceptual motor skill [Master’s thesis]: [Isfahan]. University of Isfahan; 2007. (In Persian).
  5. Gill DL. The influence of competition on individual and group motor performance. J. Hum. Mov. Stud. 1978;4(1):36-43.
  6. Lerner BS, Locke EA. The effects of goal setting, self-efficacy, competition, and personal traits on the performance of an endurance task. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 1995;1;17(2): 138-52
  7. Habibi A, Movahedi A, Nezakatolhoseini M, Moradi J, Jalali Sh. The investigation of competitiveness trait matching and the kind of training condition in learning a sport skill. Journal of development and motor learning. 2010;5:117-34. (In Persian).
  8. Hurych E. Self-competition versus internal competition. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research. 2009;47(1):111-6.
  9. Chang B, Chuang M-T, Ho S. Understanding students' competition preference in multiple mice supported classroom. Educational Technology & Society. 2013;16(1):171-82.
  10. Cooke A, Kavussanu M, McIntyre D, Ring C. The effects of individual and team competitions on performance, emotions, and effort. Journal of sport & exercise psychology. 2013;35(2):132-43.
  11. Johnson SR, Ostrow AC, Perna FM, Etzel EF. The effects of group versus individual goal setting on bowling performance. The sport psychologist. 1997 Jun 1;11(2):190-200.
  12. Tilp M, Wagner H, Müller E. Differences in 3D kinematics between volleyball and beach volleyball spike movements. Sports Biomechanics. 2008;7(3):386-97.
  13. Sternberg RJ, Sternberg K. Cognitive psychology. Ontario : Nelson Education; 2016. p. 112-29
  14. Okebukola PA. Impact of extended cooperative and competitive relationships on the performance of students in science. Human Relations. 1986;39(7):673-82.
  15. Tauer JM, Harackiewicz JM. The effects of cooperation and competition on intrinsic motivation and performance. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004;86(6):849-60.
  16. Salehi H, Ghazanfari A, Movahedi AR, Nezakat Alhosseini M. Time course of Aattention during a Volleyball Jumping-serve using a dual-task paradigm. Research in sport management and motor behavior. 2012;1(2):117-35. (In Persian).
  17. Collet C, Roure R, Rada H, Dittmar A, Vernet-Maury E. Relationships between performance and skin resistance evolution involving various motor skills. Physiology & Behavior. 1996;59(4):953-63.
  18. Wanlin C, Hrycaiko D, Martin G, Mahon M. The effects of a goal-setting package on the performance of speed skaters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 1997;9(2):212-28.
  19. Aslani M. Comparison effects of individual competition, individual attempt, and group competition on educational improvement. [Master’s thesis]: [Tehran]. Allame Tabatabaie University; 2000. (In Persian).
  20. Cox RH. Sport psychology: Concepts and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. p.205-41.
  21. Bahram, A., ShafiZadeh. The effect of competitiveness and type of sport on athleticism, Investigating the Interactive Pattern of achievement motivation questionnaire in Sport. Reseach in Sport science. 2002; 2(2):1-9. (In Persian).
  22. Zetou E, Giatsis G, Mountaki F, Komninakidou A. Body weight changes and voluntary fluid intakes of beach volleyball players during an official tournament. J Sci Med Sport. 2008;11(2):139-45.
  23. Snoddy GS. Learning and stability: a psychophysiological analysis of a case of motor learning with clinical applications. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1926 Mar;10(1):1.
  24. Fitts PM, Posner MI. Human performance. Brooks/Cole. [WS] Fox, R. & McDaniel, C.(1982) The perception of biological motion by human infants. Science. 1967;218(4571):48687.
  25. Magill RA, Anderson D. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications (Vol. 11). New York: McGraw-Hill; 2007. p. 201-17.
  26. Mitchell SA, Oslin JL, Griffin LL. Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach for ages 7 to 18. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2013. p. 54-64.
  27. Lam SF, Yim PS, Law JS, Cheung RW. The effects of competition on achievement motivation in Chinese classrooms. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2004 Jun;74(2):281-96.
  28. Zetou E, Tzetzis G, Vernadakis N, Kioumourtzoglou E. Modeling in learning two volleyball skills. Perceptual and motor skills. 2002;94(3 suppl):1131-42.
  29. Bliss TV, Collingridge GL. A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature. 1993;361(6407):31-46
Motor Behavior
Volume 11, Issue 37
Fall 2019
October 2019
Pages 17-32

  • Receive Date 10 June 2017
  • Revise Date 06 September 2017
  • Accept Date 16 December 2017

Home

Reviewers

Submit Manuscript

Publication Ethics

news

Journal Metrics

Contact Us