Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 lorestan un
2 kharazmi un
Abstract
this study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of selected motor intervention program on improving the performance of motor skills of children carrying ACE and ACTN-3 different genotypes. To this end, children's movement skills (50 boys, 5.8 ± 1.32 years) in tow subscales of locomotors and Object control is evaluated using Ulrich’s gross motor development test before and after eight weeks of the motor training program. In addition, epithelial mouth cells and PCR technique determined ACE and ACTN-3 genotypes. The results of the covariance analysis showed that children carrying ACE-D allele, separately (DD or ID), and combination (DD+ID), compared to those with II homozygotes and children carrying ACTN-3- R allele, Separate (RR or RX) and combination (RR+RX) compared to those with XX homozygotes to response the motor intervention program had higher levels of progression in performance of locomotors motor skills (p
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Branta C, Haubenstricker J, Seefeldt V. Age changes in motor skills during childhood and adolescence. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 1984;12:467-520.
- Hardy LL, King L, Farrell L, Macniven R, Howlett S. Fundamental movement skills among Australian preschool children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010;13(5):503-8.
- O'keeffe S, Harrison A, Smyth P. Transfer or specificity? An applied investigation into the relationship between fundamental overarm throwing and related sport skills. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2007;12(2):89-102.
- Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC, Goodway J. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults. New York; 2006.
- Payne VG, Isaacs LD. Human motor development: a lifespan approach. London: Routledge; 2017.
- Collins M, Posthumus M. Genetics and sports. Basel: Karger; 2009.
- Malina RM, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O. Growth, maturation, and physical activity. New York: Human Kinetics; 2004.
- Peeters M, Thomis M, Loos R, Derom C, Fagard R, Claessens A, et al. Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis. International Journal of Obesity. 2007;31(8):1295.
- Ellis L, Collins C, Brown J, Pooley W. Is AGT the new gene for muscle performance? an analysis of AGT, ACTN3, PPARA and IGF2 on athletic performance, muscle size and body fat percentage in caucasian resistance training males. J Athl Enhanc. 2017; Vol: 6 Issue: 4: 72-92. .
- Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Perusse L, Rankinen T, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, et al. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2009;41(1):35-73.
- Moran CN, Vassilopoulos C, Tsiokanos A, Jamurtas AZ, Bailey ME, Montgomery HE, et al. The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2006;14(3):332.
- Moran CN, Yang N, Bailey ME, Tsiokanos A, Jamurtas A, MacArthur DG, et al. Association analysis of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and complex quantitative body composition and performance phenotypes in adolescent Greeks. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2007;15(1):88.
- Tobina T, Michishita R, Yamasawa F, Zhang B, Sasaki H, Tanaka H, et al. Association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and endurance running speed in Japanese runners. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2010;60(5):325-30.
- Kim K, Ahn N, Cheun W, Byun J, Joo Y. Association of angiotensin converting enzyme I/D and α-actinin-3 R577X genotypes with growth factors and physical fitness in Korean children. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology. 2015;19(2):131-9.
- Scott RA, Moran C, Wilson RH, Onywera V, Boit MK, Goodwin WH, et al. No association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene variation and endurance athlete status in Kenyans. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2005;141(2):169-75.
- Ahmetov II, Williams AG, Popov DV, Lyubaeva EV, Hakimullina AM, Fedotovskaya ON, et al. The combined impact of metabolic gene polymorphisms on elite endurance athlete status and related phenotypes. Human Genetics. 2009;126(6):751.
- Pereira A, Costa AM, Leitão JC, Monteiro AM, Izquierdo M, Silva AJ, et al. The influence of ACE ID and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training. BMC Geriatrics. 2013;13(1):131.
- Erskine RM, Williams AG, Jones DA, Stewart CE, Degens H. The individual and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genotypes on muscle phenotypes before and after strength training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2014; 24(4):642-8.
- Khaledi N, Milani RF, Arjomand S. Frequency of gene polymorphisms associated with physical function and athletic genetics talent in iranian population and elite athletes. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2015;4(21):110-16. (In Persian).
- Jago R, Davison KK, Brockman R, Page AS, Thompson JL, Fox KR. Parenting styles, parenting practices, and physical activity in 10-to 11-year-old. Preventive Medicine. 2011;52(1):44-7.
- Druzhevskaya AM, Ahmetov II, Astratenkova IV, Rogozkin VA. Association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with power athlete status in Russians. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2008;103(6):4-451.
- Yang N, Macarthur DG, Wolde B, Onywera VO, Boit M, Lau SYM-a, et al. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in East and West African athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2007;39(11):1985-8.
- Salehi M, Ahmadpor A, Mohades M. Investigation of ACTN-3 gene polymorphism in Iranian Elite Sport Physiology. 2012;8(13):13-22. (In Persian).
- Ahmetov II, Gavrilov DN, Astratenkova IV, Druzhevskaya AM, Malinin AV, Romanova EE, et al. The association of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARA gene variants with strength phenotypes in middle school-age children. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2013;63(1):79-85.
- Batavani M, Marandi S, Ghaedi K, Asfrjani. Frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism rs4646994 genetic polymorphism in professional karate athletes and comparison with non-athletes and amateurs. Journal of Applied Sport Physiology (Journal of Sport Science). 2013;34(406):1323-9. (In Persian).
- Falah A, Ziafalah M, Mehrdad B, Reza Gh, Mohsen A. The R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene is associated with the status of Iranian elite judokas. Journal of Applied Sport Physiology. 2018;14(28):151-8. (In Persian).
- Nazarpouri Sh, Bahram A. The effect of ACE and ACTN-3 difference genotypes on fundamental movement skills development in 4-6 years old children. Motor 2019;14(45);111-24. (In Persian).
- Mostafavi R, Ziaee V, Akbari H, Haji-Hosseini S. The effects of spark physical education program on fundamental motor skills in 4–6-year-old children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;23(2):216.
- Magill RA. Motor learning and control. Concepts and Applications. New York, 2011; Tenth Edition:97-112 .