Motor Behavior

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Magazine fees received

Guide for Authors

forms

Peer Review Process

Intra-Performance Related Differences in Quiet Eye of Elite Pistol Shooters

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Learning and Motor Control, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Learning and Motor Control, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Iran

4 Ph.D. in Motor Learning Behavior and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of current study was to comparison of quiet eye of elite pistol shooters in successful and unsuccessful trials. In post event study, 20 elite male pistol shooters selected for this study with age range 20-30 years old. After five trials familiarization, participants performed 20 trials to target with available standard. Scores of ten were considered successful, and scores of less than ten were considered unsuccessful. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicated that there was significant difference between quiet eye period in successful and unsuccessful trials (sig=0.01), and participants had higher quiet eye in successful trials than unsuccessful trials. Also, there was significant positive correlation between quiet eye and performance. Overall, the results of current study indicated that quiet eye related with inter- individual motor skill variability (elite vs. novice) and intra- performance (successful and unsuccessful trials).

Keywords

References
  1. Mann DT, Williams AM, Ward P, Janelle CM. Perceptual cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;29(4):457-78.
  2. Van der Kamp J, Rivas F, Van Doorn H, Savelsbergh G. Ventral and dorsal system contributions to visual anticipation in fast ball sports. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008;39(2):100-30.
  3. Piras A, Lobietti R, Squatrito S. Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2014; 4:1-10.
  4. Takeuchi T, Inomata K. Visual search strategies and decision making in baseball batting. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2009;108(3):971-80.
  5. Savelsbergh GJP, Williams AM, Van der Kamp J, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(3):279-87.
  6. de Oliveira RF, Oudejans RRD, Bee PJ. Late information pick-up is preferred in basketball jump shooting. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(9):933-40.
  7. Vickers JN. Visual control when aiming at a far target. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996;22(2):342-54.
  8. Wilson PH, Ruddock S, Smits-Engelsman B, Polatajko H, Blank R. Understanding performance deficits in developmental coordination disorder: a meta-analysis of recent research. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2013;55(3):217-28.
  9. Causer J, Bennett SJ, Holmes PS, Janelle CM, Williams AM. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Hum Mov Sci. 2010;42(8):1599-608.
  10. Panchuk D, Vickers JN. Gaze behaviors of goaltenders under spatial-temporal constraints. Human Movement Science. 2006;25(6):733-52.
  11. Wilson MR, Pearcy RC. Visuomotor control of straight and breaking golf putts. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2009;109(2):555-62.
  12. Harris DJ, Wilson MR, Buckingham G, Vine SJ. No effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of frontal, motor or visual cortex on performance of a self-paced visuomotor skill. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2019;43:368-73.
  13. Vickers JN. Gaze Control in Putting. Perception. 1992;21:117-32.
  14. Mann DTY, Coombes SA, Mousseau MB, Janelle C.M. Quiet eye and the bereitschaftspotential: Visuomotor mechanisms of expert motor performance. Cognitive Processing. 2011;12:223-34.
  15. Campbell MJ. Moran AP. There is more to green reading than meets the eye! Exploring the gaze behaviours of expert golfers on a virtual golf putting task. Cognitive Processing. 2014;15(3):363-72.
  16. van Lier WV, Kamp J, Savelsbergh GJ. Gaze in golf putting: Effects of slope. Int J Sport Psychol. 2008;41:160-76.
  17. Lebeau JC, Liui S, Sáenz-Moncaleano C, Sanduvete-Chaves S, Chacón-Moscoso S, Becker BJ, et al. Quiet eye and performance in sport: A meta-analysis. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016 Oct 1;38(5):441-57.
  18. Horn RR, Okumura MS, Alexander MGF, Gardin FA, Sylvester CT. Quiet eye duration is responsive to variability of practice and to the axis of target changes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2012;83:204-11.
  19. Moore LJ, Vine SJ, Smith AN, Smith SJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training improves small arms maritime marksmanship. Military Psychology. 2014;26(5-6):355-65.
  20. Tremayne P, Barry R. Elite pistol shooters: physiological patterning of best vs worst shots. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2001;41:19-29
  21. Abdoli B, Moeini Rad S, Farsi A, Ahmadi M. Comparing the duration of calm eyes and the accuracy of performance in the shot of a pair of skilled and semi-skilled basketball players. Motor Behavior. 2018; 2020; 12(40): 51-66. (In Persian).
  22. Behan M, Wilson MR. State anxiety and visual attention: the role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(2):207-15.
  23. Williams AM, Singer RN, Frehlich SG. Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks. J Mot Behav. 2002;34(2):197-207.
  24. Rodrigues ST, Vickers JN, Williams AM. Head, eye and arm coordination in table tennis. J Sports Sci. 2002;20:187-200.
  25. Vickers JN. The quiet eye: Reply to sixteen commentaries. J Sports Sci. 2016; 4: 13-25.
  26. Mann DTY, Wright A, Janelle CM. Quiet eye: The efficiency paradox – comment on Vickers. J Sports Sci. 2016; 4: 46-55.
  27. Vine SJ, Moore LJ, Wilson M.R. Quiet eye training: The acquisition, refinement and resilient performance of targeting skills. European J Sport Sci. 2014;14:235-42.
  28. Land MF. Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior. Visual Neuroscience. 2009;26(1):51-62.
  29. Corbetta M, Patel G, Schilman GL. The reorienting system of the human brain: From environment to theory of mind. Neuron. 2008;58:306-24.
  30. Klapp ST. The memory drum theory after 20 years-Comments on Henrys note. J Mot Behav.1980;12(2):169-71.
  31. Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z, Jordan MI. An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science. 1995;269(5232):1880-2.
  32. Flanagan JR, Wing AM. The role of internal models in motion planning and control: Evidence from grip force adjustments during movements of hand-held loads. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;17(4):1519-28.
  33. Wulf G. Attentional focus and motor learning: A review of 15 years. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2013;6(1):77-104.
  34. Zachry T, Wulf G, Mercer J, Bezodis N. Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention. Brain Research Bulletin. 2005;67(4):304-9.
  35. McNevin NH, Shea CH, Wulf G. Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research. 2003;67(1):22-9.
  36. Saemi E, Porter J, Wulf G, Ghotbi-Varzaneh, A, Bakhtiari, S. Adopting an external focus of attention faciitaties motor learning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Kinesiology. 2013;45(2):179-85.
  37. Fahimi H, Gharib Varzaneh A, Yazdani M. Relationship between calm eye and motor function in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2016;14(2),101-8. (In Persian).
  38. Cooke A, McIntyre D, Kavussanu M, Willoughby A, Gallicchio G, Ring C. Premovement high-alpha power is modulated by previous movement errors: Indirect evidence to endorse high-alpha power as a marker of resource allocation during motor programming. Psychophysiology. 2015;52:977–81.
  39. Haier RJ, Siegel BV, Nuechterlein KH, Hazlett E, Wu JC, Paek J, et al. Cortical glucose metabolic rate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography. Intelligence. 1988;12:199-217.
  40. Beilock SL, Wierenga SA, Carr TH. Expertise, attention, and memory in sensorimotor skill execution: Impact of novel task constraintson dual-task performance and episodic memory. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2002;55A(4):1211–40.
  41. Cooke A, McIntyre D, Kavussanu M, Willoughby A, Gallicchio G, Ring C. Preparation for action: Psychophysiological activity preceding a motor skill as a function of expertise, performance outcome, and psychological pressure. Psychophysiology. 2014;51:374–84.
  42. Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Lacoboni M, Infarinato F, Lizio R, Marzano N, et al. Golf putt outcomes are predicted by sensorimotor cerebral EEG rhythms. Br J Psychol. 2008; 586(1):131-9.
  43. Gallicchoi G, Cooke A, Ring C. Practice makes efficient: Cortical alpha oscillations are associated with improved golf putting performance. Int J Sports Vision. 2017;6(1):89-102.
  44. Klostermann A, Vater C, Kredel R. Tackling quiet eye issues on a functional level–Comment on Vickers. J Sports Sci. 2016; 4: 63-71.
  45. Janelle CM, Hillman CH, Apparies RJ, Murray NP, Meili L, Fallon EA, et al. Expertise differences in cortical activation and gaze behavior during rifle shooting. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2000;22(2):167-82.
  46. Moore LJ, Vine SJ, Wilson MR, Freeman P. The effect of challenge and threat states on performance: An examination of potential mechanisms. Psychophysiology. 2012;49(10):1417-25.
Motor Behavior
Volume 12, Issue 41
Fall 2020
October 2020
Pages 55-68
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 13 November 2019
  • Revise Date: 02 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 14 June 2020
Share
How to cite
Statistics