Motor Behavior

The Effect of Postural Strategies Training on the Balance of Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Research Institute

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Islamshahr Azad University, Islamshahr

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of postural strategies training on the balance of women with Multiple Sclerosis. Thirty women with multiple sclerosis (mean age=41.4 ± 5.33) participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. The training group performed practice for eight-week in accordance with the designed protocol, each week conclude three sessions. The control group continued its daily activities. To assess the balance of participants in the pre-test and post-test, functional balance test of Berg, TUG, and Sharpened Romberg test was used. The results showed that in the training group, the meantime of dynamic balance test in the post-test was significantly less than the control group (P=0.001). The dynamic balance test scores of the training group decreased in the post-test compared to the pretest (P=0.001), and the performance improved. There was no significant difference between the control group performance in the pretest and post-test stages (P>0.05). Static balance results also showed that the performance of the subjects in the training group was better than the control group (P=0.001). Also, the scores of functional balance tests in the training group were increased compared to the control group and performance improved (P=0.001). The score of functional balance test scores of the training group in the post-test was reduced to the pre-test and their performance improved. There is no difference between the control group performance in the pretest and posttest phases (P>0.05). The results revealed that eight weeks of postural strategies training improved static, dynamic, and functional balance. The reason for the improvement in the balance after this training seems to be due to an increase in muscle endurance, adaptation neuromuscular and reduction in muscle tension.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Fischer A, Heesen C, Gold SM. Biological outcome measurements for behavioral interventions in multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2011;4(4):217-29.
  2. Dyment DA, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology. 2004;3(2):104-10.
  3. Kharestani M, Ghotbi Varzaneh, A, Esmaili Abdar, M. The effect of mental imaging and physical training on the static balance of multiple sclerosis patients. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2014;10(7):866-74. (In Persian).
  4. Svensson B, Gerdle B, Elert J. Endurance training in patients with multiple sclerosis: five case studies. Physical Therapy. 1994;74(11):1017-26.
  5. Hale L, Schou E, Piggot j, Littman A, Tumilty S. The effect of combined exercise program for people with multiple sclerosis: A case series. Newzeland Journal of Physiotherapy 2003;31:130-8.
  6. Snook EM, Motl RW. Effect of exercise training on walking mobility in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009; 23:108-16.
  7. Morris ME, Cantwell C, Vowels L, Dodd K. Changes in gait and fatigue from morning to afternoon in people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2002;72(3):361-5.
  8. White LJ, Dressendorfer RH. Exercise and multiple sclerosis. Sports Medicine. 2004;34(15):1077-100.
  9. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Lund C, Rasmussen C, Petersen T, Sørensen H, et al. Neural drive increases following resistance training in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013;260(7):1822–32.
  10. Khorshidsokhangoy M, Rahnema N, Etemadifar M, Rafei M. The effect of neuromuscular training on balance and movement performance in multiple sclerosis. Urumiye Journal. 2017;29(5): 128-42. (In Persian).
  11. Rugelj D. The effect of functional balance training in frail nursing home residents. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2010;50(2):192-7.
  12. Learmonth YC, Paul L, Miller L, Mattison P, McFadyen AK. The effects of a 12-week leisure centre-based, group exercise intervention for people moderately affected with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil 2012; 26:579–93.
  13. Shiri H, Soltaniyan MA, Asghari. N. The effect of 7 weeks of core stability and balance training on motor function and cognitive failures in women with multiple sclerosis. Motor Behavior. 2017;9(27):17-34. (In Persian).
  14. DeBolt LS, McCubbin JA. The effects of homebased resistance exercise on balance, power, and mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. (2004); 85(2):290-7.
  15. Latimer-Cheung AE, Pilutti LA, Hicks AL, Ginis KA, Fenuta AM, MacKibbon KA, et al. Effects of exercise training on fitness, mobility, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among adults with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review to inform guideline development. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013;94(9):1800-28.
  16. Kalron A, Achiron A, Dvir Z. Muscular and gait abnormalities in persons with early onset multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy. 2011;35(4):164-9.
  17. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Lund C, Rasmussen C, Petersen T, Sørensen H, et al. Neural drive increases following resistance training in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013;260(7):1822–32.
  18. Atteya A, Elwishy A, Kishk N, Ismail RS, Badawy R. Assessment of postural balance in multiple sclerosis patients. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2019;55(1):7-21.
  19. Amiri B, Sahebzamani M, Swdighi B. The effects of 10-week core stability training on balance in women with multiple sclerosis according to expanded disability status scale: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2019;55(2):199-208. (In Persian).
  20. Moghadasi A, Ghasemi G, Sadeghidemneh E, Etemadifar M. Effect of TRX suspension training on functional balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2018;27(2):190-208.
  21. Ebrahimi Atri, A, Sokhangouy. K, Sarvari, M. Comparison of endurance and resistance training on severity of fatigue and balance in women with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Sport Medicine. 2013;5(1):89-102. (In Persian).
  22. Zahmatkeshan N, Delaviz H. Effect of isometric exercises on ability and balance of patients with multiple sclerosis. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2017;15(4): 1020-238.
  23. Filipi ML, Leuschen MP, Huisinga J, Schmaderer L, Vogel J, Kucera D, et al. Impact of resistance training on balance and gait in multiple sclerosis. International Journal of MS Care. 2010;12(1):6-12.
  24. Broekmans T, Roelants M, Feys P, Alders G, Gijbels D, Hanssen I, et al. Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scleros. 2011;17:468-77.
  25. Lederman E. Neuromuscular rehabilitation in manual and physical therapy. : Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone Publication. 2010; 5-65.
  26. Kalron A, Fonkatz I, Frid L, Baransi H, Achiron A. The effect of balance training on postural control in people with multiple sclerosis using the CAREN virtual reality system: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2016;13(1):100-13.
  27. Nilsaga˚rd YE, von Koch LK, Nilsson M, Forsberg AS. Balance exercise program reduced falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A single-group, pretest-posttest trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014; 95:2428-34
  28. Cattaneo D, Jonsdottir J, Zocchi M, Regola A. Effects of balance exercises on people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2007;21(9):771-81.
  29. Rose DJ. Motor control. Trans: Jalil Sh, Namazizadeh. M. 2nd edition. Tehran: Nersi Publisher; 2009. 99-105. (In Persian).
  30. Anbaryan M, Zarei P, Yelfani A, Mokhtari M. Mechanism of restoring body balance against sudden external perturbations in the sagittal plane in patients with kyphosis. Medicine. 2010;4:115-32. (In Persian).
  31. Bell DR, Guskiewicz, Clark MAKM, Padua DA. Systematic review of the balance error scoring system. Sports Health, 2011;3(3):287-95.
  32. Kashani V, Salamanzadeh M, Bahrami L. Determination of validity and reliability of the Persian version of the 9-item Berg balance scale in elderly people. 2017.20(1):25-33. (In Persian).
  33. Aslankhani M, Farsi A, Fathirezaei Z, Zamanisani H, Aghdasi M. Validity and reliability of the timed up and go and the anterior functional reach test in evaluating fall risk in the elderly. Aging Journal. 2015;10(1): 10-28. (In Persian).
  34. Kashefi, M. The effect of aerobic training on balance and reaction time in elderly. [Unpublished Mastersʼs thesis]. [Tehran]: Tehran University; 2014: 37-49. (In Persian).
  35. Rose, Debra J. Fallproof. A Comprehensive balance and mobility training program. Human Kinetics, 2010. 27(5): 112-25.
  36. Inojosa H, Schriefer D, Klöditz A, Trentzsch K, Ziemssen T. Balance testing in multiple sclerosis—Improving neurological assessment with static posturography?. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020. 26(11):120-35.
  37. Zahedi H, Shafi'i F. The effect of a cauthorn and coxy training course on the static and dynamic balance of women with multiple sclerosis. Sports Medicine. 2017. 9(1); 69-81. (In Persian).
  38. Freeman J, Fox E, Gear M, Hough A. Pilates based core stability training in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC Neurology. 2012;12(1):200-19.
  39.  Freeman JA, Gear M, Pauli A, Cowan P, Finnigan C, Hunter H, et al. The effect of core stability training on balance and mobility in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: a multi-centre series of single case studies. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2010;16(11):1377-84.
  40. Willardson JM. Core stability training: applications to sports conditioning programs. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2007; 1;21(3):979-85.
  41. Johnson EG, Larsen A, Ozawa H, Wilson CA, Kennedy KL. The effects of Pilates-based exercise on dynamic balance in healthy adults. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2007;11(3):238-42.
  42. Lord SE, Wade DT, Halligan PW. A comparison of two physiotherapy treatment approaches to improve walking in multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized controlled study. Clinical Rehabilitation. 1998;12(6):477-86.
  43. Marandi SM, Nejad VS, Shanazari Z, Zolaktaf V. A comparison of 12 weeks of pilates and aquatic training on the dynamic balance of women with mulitple sclerosis. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;4(1):110.
Motor Behavior
Volume 12, Issue 41
Fall 2020
October 2020
Pages 17-38

  • Receive Date 31 December 2019
  • Revise Date 01 July 2020
  • Accept Date 13 July 2020

Home

Reviewers

Submit Manuscript

Publication Ethics

news

Journal Metrics

Contact Us