Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the development of gross motor skills in tow subtests of locomotion skills and object control skills in and healthy children with thalassemia major. The participants in this study were 28 children with a mean age of 9.07 ± 0.813 years. 14 healthy children and 14 thalassemia major that were studying in primary schools. Test of Gross Motor Development (2000) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using independent t -test. The results showed there is a significant difference in both locomotion scores (P=0.001) and object control scores (P=0.001) between healthy and thalassemia major groups. The thalassemic children in both gross motor functions had lower quality than healthy children. So considering that the fundamental motor skills establish a framework for future movements and motor behavior and Thalassemic children compared to their peers are in the lower level, need to plan for the improvement of these skills is important.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1) Venetsanou F, Kambas A. Environmental factors affecting preschoolers’ motor development. Early Childhood Educational Journal. 2010;‌(37):‌319-27.
2) هاشمی‌زاده هایده، نوری روشنک. رشد جسمانی در بیماران مبتلا به بتا تالاسمی ماژور در مشهد. فصلنامه پژوهشی خون. 1391؛‌9‌(4): 54-446.
3) Cunningham M J, Macklin E A, Neufeld E J, Cohen A R. Thalassemia clinical research network. Complications of beta-thalassemia major in North America. Blood. 2004;‌104(1):‌34-9.
4) Roth K, Ruf K, Obinger M, Mauer S, Ahnert J, Schneider W, et al. Is there a secular decline in motor skills in preschool children? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2010;‌20(4): 670-8.
5) harish K pemde, jagdish chandra, divya gupta, varinder singh, rajni Sharma, aK dutta. Physical growth in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia .Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics.2011:(2):13-9.
6) li CK, luk CW, ling SC, chik KW, yuen HL, li CK, et al. Morbidity and mortality patterns of thalassemia major patients in Hong Kong: retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J. 2002;‌8:255–60.
7) najafipour F, aliasgarzadeh A, aghamohamedzadeh N, , bahrami A, mobasri M, niafar M et al. A cross-sectional study of metabolic and endocrine complications in betathalassemia major. Ann Saudi Med. 2008;‌28:361–6.
8) taksande A, prabhu S, venkatesh S. cardiovascular aspect of beta-thalassaemia. Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 2012;10(1):‌25-30
9) aydinok, yesim. Thalassemia. Hematology. 2012;‌17(1):‌28-31.
10) قطبی محسن. مقایسه ادراک عمق در نوجوانان سالم و مبتلا به تالاسمی ماژور. فصلنامه پژوهشی خون. 1392؛10(4): 9-394.
11) کرمی حسین، وحیدشاهی کوروش، کوثریان مهرنوش، عباسخانیان علی، پروین‌نژاد نیکو، احتشامی سارا و همکاران. بررسی عوارض چشمی و عوامل مرتبط در بیماران تالاسمیک مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان بوعلی‌سینای ساری در سال1387-1386. یافته. 1387؛10‌(4):‌7-20.
12) cavlak U, gursoy S, karabay N. Assessment of physical fitness in children with beta-thalassemia major: a comparative study. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2005;16(1):25-30.
13) milat, franceswong, phillip fuller, peter J johnstone, lillian kerr, peter G doery et al. A case of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to deferasirox therapy. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research. 2012;‌27(1):‌219-23.
14) khairkar P, malhotra S, marwaha R. Growing up with the families of β-thalassaemia major using an accelerated longitudinal design. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2010;‌132(10):‌428-37.
15) khodai s, karbakhsh m ,asasi n. Psychosocial status in iranian adolescents with beta thalassaemia major. Tehran University Medical Journal (TUMJ). 2005;‌63(1):18-23.
16) tajvidi M, zeighami mohammadi Sh. The level of loneliness, hopelessness and self-esteem in major thalassemia adolescents. Sci J Iran blood Transfus. 2012;‌9(1):‌36-43.
17) گالاهو دیوید ال، اوزمون جان سی. درک رشد حرکتی در دوران مختلف زندگی. مترجمان: حمایت‌طلب رسول، موحدی احمد‌رضا، فارسی علیرضا، فولادیان جواد. چاپ اول. ویراست ششم. تهران: نشر علم و حرکت؛ 2006.
18) lily chan, bik chu chow. Gross motor skills of Hong Kong preschool children. Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation. 2012; 17(1):71-7.
19) sanders S W. Promoting better health for young people through physical activity and sports. Atlanta: GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 2000.
20) sanders S W. Active for life: Developmentally appropriate movement programs for young children. Washington DC: NAEYC. (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics); 2002: 63-9.
21) smith, P.J. keefes. S.O. Fundamental motor skill development. University of limerick, Ireland. 2006.
22) patterson J, macaskill D, phong saven D, mclellan L, okely T, booth M L, et al. Mastery of fundamental motor skills amographic distribution. University of Sydney: Dept of Public Health and Community Medicine; 1999.
23) بهرام عباس، آقاپور سید‌مهدی، خلجی حسن. اصول و مبانی تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی. تهران: انتشارات سمت؛ 1386.
 
 
24) پاین وی گریگوری، ایساکس لاری دی. رشد حرکتی انسان رویکردی در طول عمر. مترجمان: خلجی حسن، خواجوی داریوش. چاپ دوم. اراک: انتشارات دانشگاه اراک؛ 2002.
25) هی وود کاتلین ام. رشد و تکامل حرکتی در طول عمر. مترجمان: نمازی‌زاده مهدی، اصلانخانی محمدعلی. چاپ دوم. تهران: انتشارات سمت؛ 2003.
26) gallahoo D. Developmental physical education for all children. 4th ed. Champign. IL: Human Kinetic; 2003.
27) haga M, pedersen A V, sigmundsson H. Interrelationship among selected measures of motor skills. Child Care Health Development. 2008; 34(2):245-8.
28) livonen S, saakslahti A, nissinene K. The development of fundamental motor skills of four- to five-year-old preschool children and the effects of a preschool physical education. Early Child Development & Care. 2011; 181(3):‌335-43.
29) pang A, fong D T. Fundamental motor skill proficiency of Hong Kong children aged 6-9 years. Research in Sports Medicine. 2009;‌17(3):‌125-34.
30) سیچ جورج. یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی از دیدگاه روان‌شناختی عصبی. مترجم: مرتضوی حسن. چاپ اول. مشهد: نشر سنبله؛ 1984.
31) ashton craybiel, ernst jokl, claude trapp. Notes: Russian studies of vision in relation to physical activity and sports. Research quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. 1955;‌26(4):480-5.
32) Gassman N. A comparison of depth estimation between novice and experienced sport divers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1985;‌3(1):‌27-31.
33) Isaacs L D. Relationship between depth perception and basketball-shooting performance over a competitive season. Perspectives on Pediatric Pathology Oct. 1981;53(2):554-63
34) sanderson F H, whiting H T. Dynamic visual acuity and performance in a catching task. Journal of Motor Behavior.1974;6(2):‌87-94..
35) shick J. Relationship between depth perception and hand-eye dominance and free-throw shooting in college women. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1971;33:539-42.
36) lenoir M, musch E, la grange N. Ecological relevance of stereopsis in one-handed ball-catching . European College of Sports Science Congress (3d: 1998: Manchester, England). Perceptual & Motor skills Oct. 1999;89(2):495-508.
37) campos J J, anderson D I, barbu-Roth M A, hubbard E M, hertenstein M J, witherington D. Travel Broadens the Mind. 2000;‌1(2):149-219.
38) skordilis E K, douka A, spartali I, koutsouki D. Depth perception of elementary school students with qualitatively evidenced locomotor impairments. Perceptual & Motor Skills Oct. 2004;99(2):501-18.
 
 
39) فارسی علیرضا، عبدلی بهروز، فعال نرگس، کاویانی مریم. مقایسه رشد مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت کودکان پیش‌دبستانی با و بدون تجربیات حرکتی. رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ـ ورزشی.1390؛ (8): 43-29.
40) زارع‌زاده مهشید، فرخی احمد، کاظم‌نژاد انوشیروان. تعیین پایایی و روایی آزمون رشد حرکتی درشت در کودکان 3 تا 11 ساله شهر تهران. فصلنامه المپیک. 1389؛ 18 (52)4: 98-85.