Motor Behavior

The Effect of Fatigue on Decision- Making and the Visual Search behavior of Novice and Expert Soccer Players

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Motor learning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch.

2 Imam Hosain unioversity

3 Associate Professor at Islamic Azad University - North Tehran Branch

4 SSRI

Abstract
The goal of this study is to compare the effect of fatigue on decision-making and visual search behavior of novice and expert soccer players. Participants were 14 male novice soccer players (mean age= 22.5 years) and 14 experts (mean age= 27.4 years). Both groups watched films of 1 Vs. 1 attack situations. Then they announced their decision to move left, right, or shoot in two circumstances of not fatigue and fatigue. The results of t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of decision making of both groups in pre-test and posttest. (P>0.05).The number and duration of fixation were evaluated by ANOVA. The results of the number of fixations showed that the main effect of skill level was significant (P<0.05), but the main effect of the test stages was not significant (P>0.05). Also, the interactive effect of skill level at the gaze points, skill interaction with the test stages, interaction between the gaze areas with the test stages and interaction between the level of skill in the gaze areas of the test stages were not significant (P>0.05). The results of fixation time showed that the main effect of skill level and test stages was not significant (P>0.05). The interactive effect of skill level in the test stages and interaction of skill level, gaze points in the test stages were significant (P<0.05). It is suggested that players to be trained to pay attention to critical points of opponents body in fatigue situations.

Keywords

  1. Williams A M, Davids  K, Burwitz L,  Williams J G.  Visual search strategies in experienced and inexperienced soccer players. Research quarterly for exercise and sport.1994; (65) 2: 127-135.
  2. Rafiee S, Vaez Mousavi S M K, Ghasemi A, Jafarzadehpour E. Visual Search and Decision-making accuracy of expert and novice Basketball referee. Motor behavior. 2015; 7 (21): 65-76. (In Persian).
  3. Helsen W, Pauwels J M. Visual Search 2. Taylor and Francis; 1992. p. 379-387.
  4. Smith M R, Linus Zeuwts L, Lenoir M, Hens N, De Jong L M S,  Coutts A J. Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific decision-making skill. Journal of sports sciences. 2016; 34(14): 1297-1304.
  5. Morgan S, Patterson J. Differences in oculomotor behavior between elite athletes from visually and non-visually oriented sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2009; 40, 489-505.
  6. Vaeyens R, Matthieu Lenoir, Williams M, Mazyn L, Philippaerts The effect of task constraints on visual search behavior and decision making in youth soccer players. Journal of sport exercise psychology. 2007; 29(2):147-169.
  7. Mann D L, Farrow D, Shuttleworth R, Hopwood M. The influence of viewing perspective on decision-making and visual search behavior in an invasive sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2009; 40, 546-564.
  8. Rodrigues S T, Vickers J N, Williams A M. Head, eye, and arm coordination in table tennis: An exploratory study. Journal of Sport Sciences. 2002; 20,187–200.
  9. Piras, A., Lobietti, R., & Squatrito, S. (2014). "Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players." Journal of ophthalmology. 2014; 50(1): 99-108.
  10. Krzepota J, Zwierko T, Puchalska-Niedbał L, Markiewicz M, Florkiewicz B, Lubiński W. The Efficiency of a Visual Skills Training Program on Visual Search Performance. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2015; 46, 231-240.
  11. Ripoll H, Kerlirzin Y, Stein F, Reine B. Analysis of information processing, and visual strategies in complex problem-solving sport situations. Human Movement Science. 1995; 14, 325-349.
  12. Lee S M. Does Your Eye Keep on the Ball? The Strategy of Eye Movement for Volleyball Defensive Players During Spike Serve Reception. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences. 2010; 22(1): 128-137.
  13. Goulet C, Bard C, Fleury M. Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve a visual information processing approach. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 1989; 11, 382–398.
  14. Abdoli B, Namazizadeh M, Moeini Rad S. Comparison of anticipation skills and visual search behaviors of skilled and novice basketball players in different positions attack (1 on 1,3 on 3). Motor behavior. 2016; 7 (19): 15-32. (In Persian).
  15. Padilha M, Bagatin R, Milheiro A, Tavares F, Casanova F, Júlio Garganta J. Visual search behavior and defensive tactical performance during small-sided conditioned soccer games. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto. 2017; 17, 358-366.
  16. Ericsson A, Kintsch W. Long-term working memory. Psychological Review. 1995; 102, 211–245.
  17. Williams A M, Janelle  M, Davids K. Constraints on the search for visual information in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2004; 2(3): 301-318.
  18. Savelsbergh G J P, Van der Kamp J, Williams A M, Ward P. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics. 2005; 48, 1686-1697.
  19. Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer with special reference to intense intermittent exercsise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1994; 2(3):1-155.
  20. Lanthier S, Risko E F, Smilek D, Kingstone A. Measuring the separate effects of practice and fatigue on eye movements during visual search. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. 2013; 35(35).
  21. Abernethy B, Russell D G. Expert-novice differences in an applied selective attention task. Journal of Sport Psychology .1987; 9, 326–345.
  22. Williams A M, Davids K, Williams J G. Visual Perception and Action in Sport. 1thed. E&FN Spon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. 2005; P139-140.
  23. Greig M. The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on peak isokinetic torque production of the knee flexors and extensors. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008; 36(7): 1403-1409.
  24. McMorris T, Graydon J. The effect of exercise on cognitive performance in soccer-specific tests. Journal of sports sciences. 1997; 15(5): 459-468.
  25. Ghasemi, A. comparison of visual skills and decision making of expert judges, novice and non-athlete, and the relationship between these skills in expert judges. Second International Congress of Science and Societies, 2013; November 16 and 15; Tehran; p. 20-21.
  26. Hancock D, Diane M. Gaze behaviors and decision-making accuracy of higher- and lower-level ice hockey referees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2013;14: 66-71.
  27. Lex H, Essig K, Knoblauch A, Schack T. Cognitive representations and cognitive processing of team-specific tactics in soccer. PloS one. 2015; 10(2): e0118219.
  28. Nagano T, Kato T, Fukuda T. Visual search strategies of soccer players in one-on-one defensive situations on the field. Perceptual and motor skills. 2004; 99(3): 968-974.
  29. Savelsbergh, G J P, Williams A M, Van der Kamp J, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002; 20, 279-287.
  30. Machado G, Cardoso F, Teoldo I. Visual search strategy of soccer players according to different age groups. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2017; 23(3).
  31. Krzepota J, Stępiński M, Zwierko Gaze control in one versus one defensive situations in soccer players with various levels of expertise. Perceptual and motor skills. 2016; 123(3): 769-783.
  32. Williams A M, Davids K, Williams J G. Visual perception and action in sport. 1thed. Champaign. Taylor & Francis. E&FN Spon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group; 1999. p. 145-187.
Motor Behavior
Volume 13, Issue 43
March 2021
Pages 17-38

  • Receive Date 27 January 2018
  • Revise Date 04 May 2018
  • Accept Date 21 May 2018

Home

Reviewers

Submit Manuscript

Publication Ethics

news

Journal Metrics

Contact Us