Motor Behavior

The psychometric of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in 7-10 Years Old Children Ahvaz city.

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran.

Abstract
A child's perception of her/his motor competence can play an important mediating role between actual motor competence and physical activity. The aim of this study was to translate into Persian and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC ) in 7-10 Years Old Children Ahvaz. The research strategy and design were descriptive-normative and cross-sectional rrespectively. A total of 256 children aged 7-10 years were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling from different regions of Ahvaz. One week later, one subset (n=98) was randomly selected to determine face validity and another subset (n=87) was selected to determine the reliability of test-retest. The research tool was PMSC test. Descriptive statistical methods and confirmatory factor analysis, intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were used. Face validity was better for object control skills. Cronbach's alpha Results were acceptable in both subtests and the whole test (0.74 to 0.94). Intra-class correlation was high for locomotor subtest (0.90), object control subtest (0.91) and total test (0.94). The hypothesized two-factor model was tested and confirmed. Fit indices had acceptable values. Considering the confirmation of the validity and reliability of PMSC , it can be used with confidence to assess the perceived competence of Ahwaz children's motor skills. Since the samples were only from children in Ahvaz, the results may not be generalizable for all children in Iran. Future studies should evaluate the characteristics of test based on the cultural diversity of other regions.

Keywords

  1. Lou DW. Sedentary Behaviors and Youth: Current Trends and the Impact of Health. San Diego, CA: Active Living Research; 2014.
  2. Bentham J, Di Cesare M, BIlano V, Boddy LM. Worldwide trends in children's and adolescents' body mass index, underweight and obesity, in comparison with adults, from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million participants. The lancet. 2017; 390 (10113): 2627-2642.
  3. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, Garcia LE. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest. 2008; 60(2): 290-306.
  4. Reeves L, Broeder CE, Kennedy-Honeycutt L, East C, Matney L. Relationship of fitness and gross motor skills for five-to six-yr.-old children. Percept Mot Skills. 1999 Dec; 89(3): 739-47.
  5. Clark JE, Metcalfe JS. The mountain of motor development: A metaphor. Motor development: Research and reviews. 2002; 2(163-190):183-202.
  6. Goodway JD, Ozmun JC, Gallahue DL. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults. Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2019. Oct 15.
  7. Gabbard C.P. Lifelong Motor Development. 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health; Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2018. pp. 371–382.
  8. Harter S. The Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective. Guilford press, New York, USA: 1999. pp. 27-45.
  9. Harter S. Effectance motivation reconsidered. Toward a developmental model. Hum Dev. 1978; 21(1): 34-64.
  10. De Meester A, Stodden D, Brian A, True L, Cardon G, Tallir I, Haerens L. Associations among elementary school children’s actual motor competence, perceived motor competence, physical activity and BMI: A cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2016 Oct 13; 11(10): e0164600.
  11. Weiss MR, Amorose AJ. Children’s self-perceptions in the physical domain: Between-and within-age variability in level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005; 27(2): 226-44.
  12. Harter S, Pike R. The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children. Child Dev. 1984; 55(6): 1969-1982.
  13. Fox KR, Corbin CB. The physical self-perception profile: Devlopment and preliminary validation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1989; 11(4): 408-30.
  14. Whitehead JR. A study of children’s physical self-perceptions using an adapted physical self-perception profile questionnaire. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1995; 7(2): 132-51.
  15. Marsh HW. Physical self-description questionnaire: Stability and discriminant validity. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1996; 67(3): 249-64.
  16. Welk GJ, Eklund B. Validation of the children and youth physical self perceptions profile for young children. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2005; 6(1): 51-65.
  17. Liong GH, Ridgers ND, Barnett LM. Associations between skill perceptions and young children's actual fundamental movement skills. Percept Mot Skills. 2015; 120(2): 591-603.
  18. Barnett LM, Vazou S, Abbott G, Bowe SJ, Robinson LE, Ridgers ND, Salmon J. Construct validity of the pictorial scale of perceived movement skill competence. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2016; 22: 294-302.
  19. Barnett LM, Ridgers ND, Zask A, Salmon J. Face validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing fundamental movement skill perceived competence in young children. J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Jan 1; 18(1): 98-102.
  20. Johnson TM, Ridgers ND, Hulteen RM, Mellecker RR, Barnett LM. Does playing a sports active video game improve young children's ball skill competence?. J Sci Med Sport. 2016; 19(5): 432-6.
  21. Morano M, Bortoli L, Ruiz MC, Campanozzi A, Robazza C. Actual and perceived motor competence: Are children accurate in their perceptions?. PLoS one. 2020; 15(5): e0233190.
  22. Estevan, I.; Molina-García, J.; Queralt, A.; Bowe, S.J.; Abbott, G.; Barnett, L.M. The New Version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish Children: Evidence of Validity and Reliability. Rev. Int. Cienc. Deporte. 2019; 15(55): 35–54.
  23. Diao Y, Dong C, Barnett LM, Estevan I, Li J, Ji L. Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing fundamental movement skill perceived competence in Chinese children. J Mot Learn Dev. 2018; 6(s2): pp. 223-38.
  24. Venetsanou F, Kossyva I, Valentini N, Afthentopoulou AE, Barnett L. Validity and reliability of the pictorial scale of perceived movement skill competence for young Greek children. J Mot Learn Dev. 2018; 6(s2): pp. 239-51.
  25. Valentini NC, Barnett LM, Bandeira PF, Nobre GC, Zanella LW, Sartori RF. The pictorial scale of perceived movement skill competence: Determining content and construct validity for Brazilian children. J Mot Learn Dev. 2018; 6(s2): pp. 89-204.
  26. Lopes VP, Barnett LM, Saraiva L, Gonçalves C, Bowe SJ, Abbott G, Rodrigues LP. Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing perceived motor competence in Portuguese children. Child Care Health Dev. 2016; 42(5): 666-74.
  27. Kwok DC, Lai DW. The Self-Perception of Competence by Canadian and Chinese Children. Psychologia. 1993; 38: 9–16.
  28. Stigler JW, Smith S, Mao LW. The self-perception of competence by Chinese children. Child development. 1985; 56: 1259-70.
  29. Vallerand RJ. Toward a methodology for the transcultural validation of psychological questionnaires-Implications for Studies in the french language. Canadian Psychology-Psychologie Canadienne. 1989 Oct 1; 30(4): 662-80.
  30. Nunnally JC. Psychometric Theory 3E. United States: Tata McGraw-Hill Education; 1994, pp. 645-50.
  31. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional
  32. criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 1999; 1(6): 1-55.

32.Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications; 2015, pp. 4-11.

Motor Behavior
Volume 13, Issue 46
February 2022
Pages 45-76

  • Receive Date 30 September 2021
  • Revise Date 05 November 2021
  • Accept Date 11 January 2022

Home

Reviewers

Submit Manuscript

Publication Ethics

news

Journal Metrics

Contact Us