Motor Behavior

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Magazine fees received

Guide for Authors

forms

Peer Review Process

Comparison the effect of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Performance and Learning of Handball Skills

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Farhangian University- Nasibeh Campus

2 Associate Professor of Faculty of Psychology & Education, Tehran University

3 Farhangian University, Nasibeh Campus

Abstract

Psychological factors such as self-talk play a role in skill improvement. The aim of this study was to compare Instructional and motivational self-talk on performance and learning of basic handball skills in Karaj female students. The present study was applied with research design pre-test, post-test and a control group and used the wall-pass and penalty throw tests in handball. The research samples consisted of 60 female high school students in Karaj (13-18 years old). Sampling was availability and samples divided into three groups randomly: Instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk and control. Subjects performed basic skills for six weeks, three sessions per week and 45 minutes per session, in three blocks and each block containing 10 trails. Before performing the task, the subjects in the Instructional self-talk group used "straight body" and "straight elbow" for throwing and "pay attention" and "see your teammate" for pass, and in the motivational self-talk group used "now" for pass and "firm" for throw. The results of intragroup repeated measures analysis variance, MANOVA and one-way ANOVA showed that Instructional and motivational self-talk in compare with the control group, had a significant effect on performance and learning of basic handball skills (P≤05) But there is no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05). Self-talk, regardless of its kinds, has a facilitating effect on motivation and, consequently, performance by changing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Thus, self-talk can motivate key elements of the skill pattern and improve skills by drawing subject attention to the relevant task.

Keywords

References
  1. Cooke A, Kavussanu M, McIntyre D, Boardley ID, Ring C. Effects of competitive pressure on expert performance: underlying psychological, physiological, and kinematic mechanisms. Psychophysiology. 2011;48(8):1146-56.
  2. Hoffmann MD, Loughead TM. A comparison of well-peer mentored and non-peer mentored athletes’ perceptions of satisfaction. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2016;34(5):450-8.
  3. Hagan JE, Pollmann D, Schack T. Elite athletes’ in-event competitive anxiety responses and psychological skills usage under differing conditions. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8.
  4. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Zourbanos N, Latinjak AT, Theodorakis Y. Self-talk. Routledge companion to sport and exercise psychology: global perspectives and fundamental concepts. International perspectives on key issues in sport and exercise psychology. New York, NY, US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group; 2014, pp. 372-85.
  5. Van Raalte JL, Morrey RB, Cornelius AE, Brewer BW. Self-talk of marathon runners. The Sport Psychologist. 2015;29(3):258-60.
  6. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Biddle SJH. Negative self-talk during sport performance: relationships with pre-competition anxiety and goal performance discrepancies. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2008;31(3):237-53.
  7. Hardy J. Speaking clearly: a critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of sport and exercise. 2006;7(1):81-97.
  8. Cutton D, Culp B. Self-talk: Mentoring and empowering faculty to contribute to organizational change. International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education. 2020;4(2):70-6.
  9. Park S-H, Lim B-S, Lim S-T. The effects of self-talk on shooting athletes’ motivation. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2020;19(3):517.
  10. Rezaei F, Farokhi A, Bagherzadeh F. The effect of motivational self-talk on the performance of basketball simple and complex motor skills. Journal of Motor-Exercise Development and Learning (Movement). 2013; :29-44. (In Persian).
  11. Fritsch J, Jekauc D, Elsborg P, Latinjak AT, Reichert M, Hatzigeorgiadis A. Self-talk and emotions in tennis players during competitive matches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2020:1-21.
  12. Furley P, Schweizer G, Bertrams A. The two modes of an athlete: dual-process theories in the field of sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2015;8(1):106-24.
  13. Latinjak AT, Hardy J, Comoutos N, Hatzigeorgiadis A. Nothing unfortunate about disagreements in sport self-talk research: reply to van raalte, vincent, dickens, and brewer (2019). 2019.
  14. Kolovelonis A, Goudas M, Dermitzaki I. The effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on students’ motor task performance in physical education. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2011;12(2):3-8.
  15. Tahmasebi Boroojeni S. Merging two variables (observational learning and self-talk), is not preference one variable evermore. Research in Sports Management and Motor Behavior. 2019;9(17):51-63.
  16. Weinberg R. Self-talk theory, research, and applications: some personal reflections. The Sport Psychologist. 2018;32(1):74-8.
  17. Latinjak AT, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Comoutos N, Hardy J. Speaking clearly ... 10 years on: the case for an integrative perspective of self-talk in sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2019;8(4):353-67.
  18. Delavar A. Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Payame Noor Publications; 2008. (In Persian).
  19. Hadavi F, Farahani A. Measurement and delibertion in physical education. Tehran: Hatmi Publications; 2020. (In Persian).
  20. Hadavi F, Farahani A. Measurement and delibertion in physical education. Tehran: Hatmi Publications; 2020. (In Persian).
  21. Zourbanos N, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Bardas D, Theodorakis Y. The effects of self-talk on dominant and nondominant arm performance on a handball task in primary physical education students. The Sport Psychologist. 2013;27(2):171-6.
  22. Abdoli B, Farsi A, RiahiFarsani J. The effect of instructional and motivational self-talk on the pattern of coordination and accuracy of basketball free throw. Research in Sports Management and Motor Behavior. 2016;5(10):1-13. (In Persian).
  23. Biabani P, Dana A. The effect of educational and motivational self-talk on dart throwing performance with different difficulties. Journal of Motor Development and Learning. 2021; (In Persian).
  24. Hatami F, Tahmasebi F, Shayan Sh. The Effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on anxiety, self-confidence and performance of badminton long serve. Sports Psychology Studies. 2018;7(24):17-34. (In Persian).
  25. Georgakaki SK, Karakasidou E. The effects of motivational self-talk on competitive anxiety and self-compassion: a brief training program among competitive swimmers. Psychology. 2017;8(05):677.
  26. Hanshaw GO, Sukal M. Effect of self-talk and imagery on the response time of trained martial artists. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2016;5(3):259.
  27. Galanis E, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Zourbanos N, Theodorakis Y. Why self-talk is effective? Perspectives on self-talk mechanisms in sport. In: Sport and Exercise Psychology Research. New York: Elsevier; 2016, pp. 181-200.
  28. Schunk DH, Zimmerman BJ. Self-regulation and learning.
  29. Chang YK, Ho LA, Lu FJ-H, Ou CC, Song TF, Gill DL. Self-talk and softball performance: The role of self-talk nature, motor task characteristics, and self-efficacy in novice softball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2014;15(1):139-45.
  30. Shamsipour Dehkordi P, Heidari M, Karimi S. The effect of instructional and motivational self-talk in covert and overt levels on learning shape and accuracy of over arm throw in children. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2018;14(28):259-76. (In Persian).
  31. Movahedi AR, Bahram A, Bordbar S. The effects of different methods of self-talk (motivational, instructional, and combined) on physical efficacy, acquisition and learning of Dart Throw Task. Journal of Motor Development and Learning. 2016;8(1):127-40. (In Persian).
  32. Shokri S, Abdoli B, Ahmadi N. The effects of instructional self-talk with self-control feedback on acquisition and learning of soccer shoot. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2021;17(33): (In Persian).
  33. Latinjak AT, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Zourbanos N. Goal-directed and spontaneous self-talk in anger-and anxiety-eliciting sport-situations. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2017;29(2):150-66.
  34. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Galanis E, Zourbanos N, Theodorakis Y. Self-talk and competitive sport performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2014;26(1):82-95.
  35. Hardy J, Begley K, Blanchfield AW. It's good but it's not right: instructional self-talk and skilled performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2015;27(2):132-9.
  36. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Galanis E. Self-talk effectiveness and attention. Current Opinion in Psychology .2017;16:138-42.
  37. Marshall DV, Hanrahan SJ, Comoutos N. The effects of self-talk cues on the putting performance of golfers susceptible to detrimental putting performances under high pressure settings. International Journal of Golf Science. 2016;5(2):116-34.
  38. Olisola DR, Olaitan JR. The influence of self-talk on athletes’ performance in national youth games competitions. Indonesian Journal of Sport Management. 2021;1(2(:
    82-9

Schunk DH, Mullen CA. Toward a conceptual model of mentoring research: Integration with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review. 2013;25(3):361-89.

Motor Behavior
Volume 14, Issue 49
December 2022
Pages 87-112
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 21 April 2022
  • Revise Date: 16 June 2022
  • Accept Date: 06 September 2022
Share
How to cite
Statistics