Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Associate of professor, Department of physical education, Tabriz Branch , Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Prof, Department of Physical Education and sport science, Salmas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Salmas, Iran.
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of Goal-directed organic self-talk on negative spontaneous thoughts and performance in dart throwing competition. For this purpose, 36 beginner students in the field of darts were selected and randomly divided into two Goal-directed self-talk and control groups. At first, in a training session, they were taught the correct technique of throwing darts by a professional trainer, and they experienced 100 practice throws towards the dart board, and their mistakes were identified and corrected. Then, both groups participated in the pre-test phase, including 2 sets of 10-trial throws, and their performance was measured, and Holon and Kendall completed the Negative Spontaneous Thoughts Questionnaire (QNS) at the end of the pre-test; In the next step, 2 sets of 10-trial throws were conducted again in competitive conditions between the participants, with the difference that the Goal-directed self-talk group used Goal-directed self-talk phrases before throwing darts; But the control group did not use any kind of self-talk during the throws. Dart throwing scores were measured again and negative spontaneous thoughts questionnaire was completed. The results of covariance analysis showed that self-talk led to the improvement of dart throwing performance during the competition and the reduction of negative self-inflicted thoughts. In general, it seems that Goal-directed self-talk during the dart throwing competition has prevented the occurrence of negative automatic self-talk through cognitive change from threats to challenges and has provided the basis for performance improvement by increasing self-confidence and reducing anxiety.
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