Effect of Yoga on Anxiety of Parents and Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders

Adlparvar, Azadeh; Movahedi, Ahmadreza; Rafei, Mehdi

doi:10.22089/mbj.2017.2398.1278

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

² Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

³ Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2017.2398.1278

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks Yoga training on anxiety of parents and children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). A total of 20 children with ADHD and their parents (20 fathers and 20 mothers) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to exercise and no-exercise control groups. Parents in the exercise groups exercised Yoga for 8 weeks, two times per week. Anxiety of parents and anxiety of their children were assessed at baseline and two days after intervention using Achenbach and Catell questionnaires respectively. To analyze data, two factor mixed model ANOVA was used. Results showed that Yoga training by parents' significantly decreased anxiety of mothers and children while anxiety of the fathers was not significantly changed. The participants of all three control groups did not show significant changes in their anxiety. The findings of the present study indicate that Yoga could be considered as a mediator variable for modifying anxiety of children with ADHD

Keywords

Main Subjects

Motor development

References

1.Young R A, Ginsburg B E, ‌Bradway D. Physical and behavioral markers help identify written language disability (WLD) related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychology. 2012; 3(1)‌: 36-44.

2.Van der Oord S, Prins P J, Oosterlaan J, ‌Emmelkamp P M. Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008; 28(5)‌: 783-800.

3.Gilbert D L, Bansal A S, Sethuraman G, Sallee F R, Zhang J, Lipps T, et al. Association of cortical disinhibition with tic, ADHD, and OCD severity in Tourette syndrome. Movement Disorders. 2004; 19(4)‌: 416-‌25.

4. Bijlenga D, van der Heijden K B, Breuk M, van Someren E J, Lie M E, Boonstra A M. Associations between sleep characteristics, seasonal depressive symptoms, lifestyle, and ADHD symptoms in adults. J Atten Disord. 2013; 17‌(3) 261-‌75.

5. Tannock R, Ickowicz A, Schachar R. Differential effects of methylphenidate on working memory in ADHD children with and without comorbid anxiety. J of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995; 34(7)‌: 886-‌96.

6. Banerjee T D, Middleton F, Faraone S V. Environmental risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatr. 2007; 96(9)‌: 1269-74.

7. Barkly R A. ADHD and the Nature of Self Control. 1^st ed. New York: Guilfo; l997. P‌. 108-200.

8. Alizadeh H. Attention deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder, characteristics, assessment and cure. 1^st ed. Tehran: Rosh Press; 2007. P‌. 200-‌20. (In Persian).

9. Goldstein S, Goldstein M. Managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A guide for practitioners. 2en ed. New York: Wiley; 1998. P. 180-‌99.

10. Chronis A M, Lahey B B, Pelham W E, Williams Sh, Baumann B L, Kipp H. Maternal depression and early positive parenting predict future conduct problems in young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Psychology. 2007; 43(1): 70-82.

11. Barkly R A. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. 1^st ed. New York; Guilford; 2014. P. 110-45.

12.Dehghan F, Behina F, Amiri N, Pishyareh E, Safarkhani M. Effect of perceptual motor exercises on behavioral problems of 5 to 8-year-old children with ADHD. New Findings of Cognitive Sciences. 2010; 47(3): 82- 96. (In Persian).

13. Saadat M. Which symptoms of ADHD could be changed following yoga exercises and exercise therapy? Exceptional Children Quarterly. 2010; 39(4)‌: 20-8.

14. Beirami M, Hekmati I, Soodmandi M. Comparison of the family function of children with ADHD with the family function of typical children. Psychology Quarterly. 2009; 16(6):‌ 81-98. (In Persian).

15.Narimani M, Soleimani E, Tabrizchi N. Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on improvement if attention sustain and mathematics status of students with ADHD. School Psychology Journal. 2015; 4‌(2): 118-‌34. (In Persian).

16. Kordnoghabi R, Jahan F, Alinejad S. Relationship between parents' educational styles with ADHD symptoms of their children. 6^th International Congress on Psychomedicine of Children and Adolescent. Tabriz: University of Tabriz press; March 2013. P. 21-4. (In Persian).

17. Ghalandari S. Effect of parenthood management on improvement of symptoms of ADHD in 8-12-year-old children with ADHD. 6^th International Congress on Psychomedicine of Children and Adolescent. Tabriz: University of Tabriz press; March 2013. P. 11-2. (In Persian).

18. Khalsa S B. Yuga as a therapeutic intervention: A bibilometric analysis of published research study. Physiol Pharmacol. 2004; 48(30):‌ 269-‌85.

19. Datta J, Broota A. Managing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with yoga and cognitive behavioural therapy. J of Research and Application in Clinical Psychology. 2000; 3(1): 41-50.

20. Shahabian A, Shahim S.‌ Psychometry of parents version conners scale for 11-16 years old children of Shiraz. Psychological Studies. 2007; 3(1)‌: 97-120. (In Persian).

21.Ghobari B, Bagher A, Khanzadeh H, Firuzjah A, Mooleli G, Nemati Sh. Prevalence of behavioral problems in Tehran primary school students. Research in the Field of Exceptional Children. Oct 2010; 33(6): 223-‌38. (In Persian).

22. Karami A. Psychometry and psychological tests. 1^st ed. Tehran: Ravansanji Publication; 2001. P. 300-21. (In Persian).

23. Eliopoulos C. Integrative care--take a deep breath and stretch benefits of yoga in LTC. Director (Cincinnati, Ohio). 2003; 12(2‌: 114-‌15.

24. Evans-Wentz W Y. Tibetan yoga and secret doctrines or seven books of wisdom of the great path according to the late Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English Rendering. 2^nd ed. USA: Oxford University Press; 2000. P. 280-200.

25.Kangarloo F, Lotfi K, Kashani F, Vaziri S. Effect of family training on behavioral problems of children with ADHD. Medical Sciences Journal. 2013; 91(4): 216-‌20. (In Persian).

26. Richardson J, Joughin C. Parent-training programmes for the management of young children with conduct disorders. 1^st ed. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2002. P. 230-‌45.

27. Eugend C W, ‌Roberts C M. Handbook of clinical child psychiatry. 2^nd ed. Canada: John Wiley & Sons; 2001‌. P. 120-‌80.

28. Prinz RJ, Sanders MR, Shapiro CJ, Whitaker DJ, Lutzker JR. Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The US Triple P system population trial. Prevention science. 2009; 10(1): 1-20.

29. Sanders R, Takeo F, Noriko K‌. Effectiveness of group positive parenting program (Triple P) in changing child behavior, parenting style, and parental adjustment: An intervention study in Japan. J Child FamStudi. 2011; 20(6): 1-10‌.

30. Moharari F, Shahrivar Z, Tehrani M. Effect of teaching "constructive education" to mothers on behavioral problems of children with ADHD. Journal of Psychological Hygiene. 2009; 41(4): 31-40. (In Persian).

31. Shapurabadi S, Purmohammad M, Mohammadkhani P. Effect of positive parenthood on symptoms of ADHD. Neurorehabilitation of Kids. 2011; 55(3)‌: 14-26. (In Persian).

32.Daly B, Creed T, Xanthopou M, Brown R. Psychosocial treatments for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology Rew. 2007; 17, 73-89.

33. Graham P. Cognitive behavior therapy for children and families. 1^st ed. Cambridge University; 1998. ‌P. 74-75.

34.Bor W, Heath F, Heussler H, Reuter R, Perrett C, ‌Lee E. Can a multi-disciplinary assessment approach improve outcomes for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Australasian Psychiatry. 2013; 21(5): 499-503.

35. Heiman T. An examination of relationships of children with and without attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology International. 2005; 26(4):‌ 330-‌3.

36. Sytsma-Jordan S‌, Kelley M L‌, Henderson M. Children’s routines, parenting stress, and maternal depression in parent-child dyads referred to a multidisciplinary ADHD clinic and nonreferred controls. In A Poster Presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy. USA (Reno, Nevada): AABT publication; Jan 2010. P. s1-s2.

37.Shapir E S, DuPaul G J, Bradley-Klug K L. Self-management as a strategy to improve the classroom behavior of adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1998; 31(6): 545-55.

38. Oken B S, Zajdel D, Kishiyama S, Flegal K, Dehen C, Haas M, et al. Randomized, controlled, six-month trial of yoga in healthy seniors: Effects on cognition and quality of life. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2006; 12(1)‌: 40-‌5.

39. Yeo N H, Oh K S, Cha Y, ‌Kang Sh. Effect of yoga exercise program on catecholamine and growth hormone in pre-and ‌postmenopausal middle-aged woman. Journal of Korean Sport Science. 2008; 19(2)‌: 31-40.

40. Chen K M, Chen M H, Lin M H, Fan J T, Lin H S, ‌Li C H. Effects of yoga on sleep quality and depression in elders in assisted living facilities. Journal of Nursing Research. 2010; 18(1): ‌‌53-61.

41. Gupta N, Khera S, Vempati R P, Sharma R,‌ Bijlani R L. Effect of yoga based lifestyle intervention on state and trait anxiety. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2006; ‌50 (1): ‌41-51.

42. Fisher T, Aharon-Peretz J, ‌Pratt H. Dis-regulation of response inhibition in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): An ERP study. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2011; 122(12): 2390-9.

Effect of Yoga on Anxiety of Parents and Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders

References

References

Volume 9, Issue 27 - Serial Number 27June 2017Pages 139-152

Volume 9, Issue 27 - Serial Number 27
June 2017
Pages 139-152