Virtual reality (VR) environments are increasingly used for motor skill learning, yet the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in the earliest stages remain unclear. This study examined changes in upper alpha band power (10-12 Hz) while novices acquired a golf putting skill in VR. 26 right handed adults (20-26y) were randomly assigned to a VR group(n=13) or control group(n=13). EEG was recorded in pre- and post-test, and source localization was applied to quantify upper-alpha power in the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), pre supplementary motor area(Pre-SMA), supplementary motor area(SMA), and primary motor cortex(M1). Results showed VR practice produced a significant decrease in upper alpha band power (event-related desynchronization) within the DLPFC and Pre- SMA (T= 1.84, p<0.05), whereas no change emerged in the control group. Alpha desynchronization in anterior cortical areas indicates grater cognitive engagement and motor planning VR. Rather than reflecting improved neural efficiency, this pattern appears to be an adaptive response to the high cognitive load of the VR context and continued need for conscious processing in cognitive-associative motor learning stages. These results emphasize the necessity of considering the complexities of human – VR interaction in designing training interventions.
golzar,S. (2025). The Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Band Alpha Activity in the Frontal Cortex in Golf Putting: A Source-Localized EEG Study in Novices. (e4857). Motor Behavior, (), e4857 doi: 10.22089/mbj.2025.18219.2221
MLA
golzar,S. . "The Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Band Alpha Activity in the Frontal Cortex in Golf Putting: A Source-Localized EEG Study in Novices" .e4857 , Motor Behavior, , , 2025, e4857. doi: 10.22089/mbj.2025.18219.2221
HARVARD
golzar S. (2025). 'The Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Band Alpha Activity in the Frontal Cortex in Golf Putting: A Source-Localized EEG Study in Novices', Motor Behavior, (), e4857. doi: 10.22089/mbj.2025.18219.2221
CHICAGO
S. golzar, "The Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Band Alpha Activity in the Frontal Cortex in Golf Putting: A Source-Localized EEG Study in Novices," Motor Behavior, (2025): e4857, doi: 10.22089/mbj.2025.18219.2221
VANCOUVER
golzar S. The Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Band Alpha Activity in the Frontal Cortex in Golf Putting: A Source-Localized EEG Study in Novices. Motor Behavior, 2025; (): e4857. doi: 10.22089/mbj.2025.18219.2221
