نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
2 کارشناسی‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه الزهرا
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر،مقایسةرشدشناختیوحرکتیکودکانپیش‌دبستانیمتولد‌شدهباوزنکم هنگامتولدوکودکان با وزنطبیعی بود. بدین‌منظور ازمیانمهد‌کودک‌های منطقة دو شهرتهران، 15کودک (با وزن طبیعی 27/0±33/3 کیلوگرم) و 18 کودک با وزن کم زمان تولد (وزن 32/0±21/2 کیلوگرم) به‌صورتهدفمند اتتخابشدند. به‌منظورارزیابیحرکاتدرشتاز آزمونتبحر حرکتیدرشت نسخة دوم که شامل: خرده‌مقیاس‌های جابه‌جایی و کنترل شی می‌باشد، استفاده شد. همچنین، برای ارزیابی مهارت‌های حرکتی ظریف از برخی خرده‌مقیاس‌های آزمون بروینینکس ـ اوزرتسکی (هماهنگی اندام فوقانی، سرعت پاسخ و سرعت و چالاکی اندام فوقانی) بهره گرفته شد و جهت اندازه‌گیری رشد شناختی شرکت‌کنندگان، آزمون مهارت شناختی آدمک گودیناف مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده توسط آمار استنباطی شاپیرو ـ ویلک و تی مستقل در سطح معناداری (05/0) تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل آماری شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کودکان با وزن طبیعی هنگام تولد در‌مقایسه با کودکان متولد‌شده با وزن کم، در انجام مهارت‌های ظریف و برخی مهارت‌های درشت و شناختی عملکرد بالاتری دارند. به‌نظر می‌رسد که ممکن است کودکان متولد‌شده با وزن کم هنگام تولد، در مهارت‌های شناختی نیز همانند مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت و ظریف، عواقب بلند‌مدت ناشی از وزن کم هنگام تولد را تجربه نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of Motor and Cognitive Development between Typically Developing Preschool Children and Children Born Low Birth Weight
نویسندگان [English]
- Abdollah Ghasemi 1
- Mitra Maghsoodi 2
- Afkham Daneshfar 3
1 Assistant Professor of Physical Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 M. Sc. of Motor Behavior, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Alzahra University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to compare motor and cognitive development between typically developing preschool children and children born low birth weight.Fifteen TP children and 15 children born low birth weight were participated in this study. Test of gross motor development (second version, TGMD-2) was used to assess gross motor skills such as locomotion and manipulation, Bruininks- Osertesky test of motor proficient (second edition, short form- BOTMP2) to measure fine motor skills such as: upper extremity coordination, response, speed and agility of upper extremity and Goodenough Man Testto measure cognitive ability of children.The results of independent t test and Shapiro-Wilk showed that TP children are significantly better (P<0.05) cognitive and fine motor skills than children born low birth weight. Also they showed significantly higher scores in some gross motor skills.It seems that children born low birth weight may experience long term consequences in cognitive skills as well as gross and fine motor skills.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Gross Motor Skills
- Fine Motor Skills
- Cognitive Skills
- Children Born Low Birth Weight
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