نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا همدان

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا همدان

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر ترکیب تمرین مشاهده‌ای، سایه‌زنی و فیزیکی بر یادگیری مهارت پرتاب دارت بود. بدین‌منظور، 72 دانش‌آموز دختر دبیرستانی 17 تا 19سال به‌طور تصادفی در شش گروه 12 نفری (مشاهده‌ای، سایه‌زنی، فیزیکی، ترکیبی یک (مشاهده‌ای ـ فیزیکی)، ترکیبی دو (مشاهده‌ای ـ سایه‌زنی ـ فیزیکی) و کنترل) قرار گرفتند. پس از پیش‌آزمون، در مرحلۀ اکتساب هریک از گروه‌ها مهارت پرتاب دارت را براساس دستورالعمل ویژۀ هر گروه، 60 مرتبه تمرین کردند؛ اما گروه کنترل تمرینی را انجام نداد. 10 دقیقه پس از مرحلۀ اکتساب، آزمون‌های یادداری/ انتقال فوری اجرا شد و پس از 24 ساعت بی‌تمرینی، آزمون‌های یادداری/ انتقال تأخیری انجام گرفت. نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌های تکراری نشان می‌دهد (P=0.05) که گروه‌های تمرینی درمقایسه با گروه کنترل به‌طور معناداری عملکرد بهتری داشته‌اند (P=0.000). گروه فیزیکی و ترکیبی یک (مشاهده‌ای ـ فیزیکی) نیز نسبت به گروه‌های مشاهده و سایه‌زنی به‌طور معناداری بهتر عمل کرده‌اند (P<0.05) و گروه ترکیبی دو (مشاهده‌ای ـ سایه‌زنی ـ فیزیکی) درمقایسه با تمام گروه‌ها به‌طور معناداری عملکرد بهتری داشته است (P=0.000). به‌طورکلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ترکیب سه شیوۀ مشاهده‌ای، سایه‌زنی و فیزیکی درمقایسه با سایر روش‌های تمرینی منجر به حداکثر یادگیری می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Combining Observational, Shadow and Physical Practice on Learning Dart Throwing Skill

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Abdoli 1
  • Nasrin Parsaie 2
  • Hasan Rahbanfard 2

1 Msc. of Motor Behavior, Bu-Ali Sina University

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Bu-Ali Sina University

چکیده [English]

The purpose of present study is to examine the effect of combining observational, shadow and physical practice on learning dart throwing skill. 72 female high school students with an average of 17 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the six groups of 12 participants: observational, shadow, physical, combination group 1 (observational-physical) combination group 2 (observational-shadow-physical) and the control group. After pretest, during the acquisition phase each of the groups practiced 60 trials, dart throwing skill based on specific instructions for each group, the control group did not practice. Ten minutes after the acquisition phase, immediate retention/transfer tests was performed. After 24 hours without training, delayed retention/transfer tests was performed. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed (P=0.05), training groups compared with the control group have been significantly better (P=0.000), and physical group and combination group (observational-physical) have been significantly better compared with the observational and shadow groups (P<0.05) and combination group (observational-shadow-physical) have been significantly better compared with all groups (P=0.000). Overall, the results of this study indicate that, maximum learning occurs, by the combination of three observational, shadow and physical practice in compared to other training methods. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • observational practice
  • Shadow Practice
  • Physical Practice
  • Combination Practice
  • Dart Throwing Skill
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