رفتار حرکتی

یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اورمیه،ایران

چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی درمقایسه با کودکان عادی بود. بدین‌منظور، از بین دانش‌آموزان پسر 12ـ7 سالۀ شهر تبریز، 12 کودک با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی با استفاده از آزمون‌های "پرسش‌نامۀ اختلال هماهنگی رشدی والدین"، "سیاهۀ مشاهدۀ حرکتی معلمان" و "آزمون برونیکز اوزرتسکی" و نیز 12 کودک عادی همتا از نظر هوشی و سن تقویمی به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. از شرکت‌کنندگان خواسته شد هدف متحرکی را در مسیر دایره‌ای بر روی مانیتور با استفاده از دسته‌های کنترلی بازی با استفاده از تکلیف پیگردی چرخان ردیابی کنند. کنترل پیش‌بینانه نیز با استفاده از متغیرهایی که نشان‌دهندۀ رفتار و موفقیت ردیابی دستی بود، اندازه‌گیری گشت. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر نشان می‌دهد که بین کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی و عادی در شاخص‌های کنترل پیش‌بینانه شامل: زمان کلی باقی‌ماندن بر هدف (P=0.049)، زمان متوالی باقی‌ماندن بر هدف (P=0.016)، فاصله از هدف (P=0.002) و سرعت حرکت  (P=0.001) تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. به‌طورکلی، به‌نظر می‌رسد کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی احتمالاً نسبت به گروه کنترل در تحکیم و یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه و ایجاد مدل درونی کنترل حرکات دارای نقص هستند و از راهبرد کنترلی بازخوردی و گام‌به‌گام استفاده می‌کنند. همچنین، ممکن است یک نقص زیربنایی در مدل‌سازی درونی در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی وجود داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Learning of Predictive Motor Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

نویسندگان English

  • Hasan Sepehri Bonab 1
  • Fatemeh Sadat Hoseini 2
  • Malek Ahmadi 3
1 PhD Student of Motor Learning, University of Urmia
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Urmia
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behaviour, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University
چکیده English

The aim of this study was to examine learning of predictive motor control in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).The sampling design was purposive and from (aged 7-12 years) male students of Tabriz, 12 children with DCD by using DCDQ, PMOQ-T, and BOTMP tests, and 12 typically developing (TD) children (age and IQ matched) were selected. Participants were required to track a target moving along a circular path on a rotatory pursuit task by using game controllers. Predictive control was assessed by Variables which reflecting tracking success and behavior with the manual tracking. Results of repeated measure of analysis showed that there was a significant difference between DCD and TD children on measures of predictive control; total time on target (P=0.049), consecutive time on target (P=0.016), distance from the target (P=0.002) and velocity of the cursor (P=0.001). Collectively, probably DCD children had deficits in consolidation and learning of predictive motor control, they may be used feedback-based step-and-hold strategy, and an underlying deficit in the internal modeling was concluded in DCD children.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • DCD
  • Feed Forward Control
  • Motor Pursuit Tracking
  • Predictive Motor Control
  1. Salehi H, Bakhshayesh R, Movahedi A, Ghasemi V. Psychometric properties of a Persian Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire in boys aged 6-11 year-old. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2016; 1(4): 135-61. (In Persian).
  2. Wilson P H, Ruddock S, Smits‐Engelsman B, Polatajko H, Blank R. Understanding performance deficits in developmental coordination disorder: A meta‐analysis of recent research. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2013; 55(3): 217-28.
  3. Shadmehr R, Smith M A, Krakauer J W. Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2010; 33: 89-108.
  4. Ferguson G D, Duysens J, Smits-Engelsman B C. Children with developmental coordination disorder are deficient in a visuo-manual tracking task requiring predictive control. Neuroscience. 2015; 286: 13-26.
  5. Von Hofsten C, Rosander K. Development of smooth pursuit tracking in young infants. Vision Research. 1997; 37(13): 1799-810.
  6. Van Roon D, Caeyenberghs K, Swinnen S P, Smits‐Engelsman B. Development of feedforward control in a dynamic manual tracking task. Child Development. 2008; 79(4): 852-65.
  7. Desmurget M, Grafton S. Feedback or feedforward control: End of a dichotomy. Taking action: Cognitive neuroscience perspectives on intentional acts. 2003:289-338.
  8. Adams I L, Lust J M, Wilson P H, Steenbergen B. Compromised motor control in children with DCD: A deficit in the internal model? A systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2014; 47: 225-44.
  9. Adams I L, Lust J M, Wilson P H, Steenbergen B. Testing predictive control of movement in children with developmental coordination disorder using converging operations. British Journal of Psychology. 2016;108(1):73-90.
  10. de Oliveira R F, Wann J P. Integration of dynamic information for visuomotor control in young adults with developmental coordination disorder. Exp Brain Res. 2010; 205(3): 387-94.
  11. Kashiwagi M, Iwaki S, Narumi Y, Tamai H, Suzuki S. Parietal dysfunction in developmental coordination disorder: A functional MRI study. Neuroreport. 2009; 20(15): 1319-24.
  12. Zwicker J G, Missiuna C, Harris S R, Boyd L A. Brain activation of children with developmental coordination disorder is different than peers. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(3): 678-86.
  13. Dunham P, Allan R, Winter R. Tracking ability of elementary school-age children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1985;60(3):771-4.
  14. Zanone P. Tracking with and without target in 6-to 15-year-old boys. Journal of Motor Behavior. 1990; 22(2): 225-49.
  15. Williams J, Omizzolo C, Galea M P, Vance A. Motor imagery skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science. 2013; 32(1): 121-35.
  16. van Swieten L M, van Bergen E, Williams J H, Wilson A D, Plumb M S, Kent S W, et al. A test of motor (not executive) planning in developmental coordination disorder and autism. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2010; 36(2): 493.
  17. Smyth M M, Mason U C. Planning and execution of action in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997; 38(8): 1023-37.
  18. Noten M, Wilson P, Ruddock S, Steenbergen B. Mild impairments of motor imagery skills in children with DCD. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2014; 35(5): 1152-9.
  19. Johnson-Frey, S.H., 2003. Cortical representations of human tool use. In: Johnson-Frey, S.H. (Ed.), Taking Action: Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives on Intentional Acts. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 185–217.
  20. Izawa J, Shadmehr R. Learning from sensory and reward prediction errors during motor adaptation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2011; 7(3): 1002012.
  21. Fuelscher I, Williams J, Enticott P G, Hyde C. Reduced motor imagery efficiency is associated with online control difficulties in children with probable developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2015; 45: 239-52.
  22. Hyde C, Wilmut K, Fuelscher I, Williams J. Does implicit motor imagery ability predict reaching correction efficiency? A test of recent models of human motor control. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2013; 45(3): 259-69.
  23. Smits-Engelsman B C, Wilson P H. Noise, variability, and motor performance in developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2013; 55 Suppl 4: 69-72.
  24. Sparaci L, Formica D, Lasorsa F R, Mazzone L, Valeri G, Vicari S. Untrivial pursuit: Measuring motor procedures learning in children with Autism. Autism Research. 2015;8(4):398-411.
  25. Spironello C, Hay J, Missiuna C, Faught B, Cairney J. Concurrent and construct validation of the short form of the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency and the Movement‐ABC when administered under field conditions: Implications for screening. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2010; 36(4): 499-507.
  26. Smits-Engelsman B, Schoemaker M, Delabastita T, Hoskens J, Geuze R. Diagnostic criteria for DCD: Past and future. Human Movement Science. 2015;42(August 2015):293-306.
  27. Cools W, De Martelaer K, Samaey C, Andries C. Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: A review of seven movement skill assessment tools. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2009; 8(2): 154-68.
  28. Cairney J, Hay J, Veldhuizen S, Missiuna C, Faught B. Comparing probable case identification of developmental coordination disorder using the short form of the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency and the Movement ABC. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2009; 35(3): 402-8.
  29. Badami R, Nezakatalhossaini M, Rajab f, Jafari M. Validity and reliability of Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) in 6-year-old children of Isfahan city. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement. 2015; 7(1): 105-22. (In Persian).
  30. Salehi H, Zarezadeh M, Salek B. Validity and reliability of the Persian Version of Motor Observation Questionnaire for teachers (PMOQ-T). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2013; 18(3): 211-9. (In Persian).
  31. Barghi Irani Z, Alipoor A. Interaction of cognitive styles with handedness in PNU students: Implications for the design of teaching method in distance education system. Social Cognition. 2015; 3(special): 126-40. (In Persian).
  32. Zarezade M, Sahebozamani M, Farahmand S. Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in female 9 to 11 years of Fars Province (Khorrambid city). Journal of Exceptional Education. 2016; 9(137): 27-33. (In Persian).
  33. Asghar Razavieh S S. A short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for use in Iran. Psychological Reports. 1992; 71(3): 863-6. (In Persian).
  34. Moshirian Farahi S M, Zarif Gobar Yazdi H, Amin Yazdi S A. Investigate visual-spatial attention and visual-manual dexterity skills in children with learning disorders and compare with normal children. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2016; 4(3): 21-30. (In Persian).
  35. Jarus T, Ghanouni P, Abel RL, Fomenoff SL, Lundberg J, Davidson S, etal. Effect of internal versus external focus of attention on implicit motor learning in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2015; 37: 119-26.
  36. Hyde C E, Wilson P H. Impaired online control in children with developmental coordination disorder reflects developmental immaturity. Developmental Neuropsychology. 2013; 38(2): 81-97.
  37. Biancotto M, Skabar A, Bulgheroni M, Carrozzi M, Zoia S. Neuromotor deficits in developmental coordination disorder: Evidence from a reach-to-grasp task. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(4): 1293-300.
  38. Smits-Engelsman B C, Niemeijer A S, van Galen G P. Fine motor deficiencies in children diagnosed as DCD based on poor grapho-motor ability. Human Movement Science. 2001; 20(1): 161-82.
  39. Smits-Engelsman B C, Westenberg Y, Duysens J. Children with developmental coordination disorder are equally able to generate force but show more variability than typically developing children. Human Movement Science. 2008; 27(2): 296-309.
  40. Zwicker J G, Missiuna C, Harris S R, Boyd L A. Developmental coordination disorder: A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study. Pediatric Neurology. 2012; 46(3): 162-7.
  41. Wilmut K, Wann J P, Brown J H. Problems in the coupling of eye and hand in the sequential movements of children with developmental coordination disorder. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2006; 32(6): 665-78.
  42. de Oliveira R F, Wann J P. Integration of dynamic information for visuomotor control in young adults with developmental coordination disorder. Experimental Brain Research. 2010; 205(3): 387-94.
  43. Plumb M S, Wilson A D, Mulroue A, Brockman A, Williams J H, Mon-Williams M. Online corrections in children with and without DCD. Human Movement Science. 2008; 27(5): 695-704.
رفتار حرکتی
دوره 9، شماره 29
پاییز 1396
آبان 1396
صفحه 85-108

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش 31 اردیبهشت 1396

صفحه اصلی

داوران

ارسال مقاله

اصول اخلاقی

اخبار و اعلانات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

تماس با ما