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یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اورمیه،ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی درمقایسه با کودکان عادی بود. بدین‌منظور، از بین دانش‌آموزان پسر 12ـ7 سالۀ شهر تبریز، 12 کودک با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی با استفاده از آزمون‌های "پرسش‌نامۀ اختلال هماهنگی رشدی والدین"، "سیاهۀ مشاهدۀ حرکتی معلمان" و "آزمون برونیکز اوزرتسکی" و نیز 12 کودک عادی همتا از نظر هوشی و سن تقویمی به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. از شرکت‌کنندگان خواسته شد هدف متحرکی را در مسیر دایره‌ای بر روی مانیتور با استفاده از دسته‌های کنترلی بازی با استفاده از تکلیف پیگردی چرخان ردیابی کنند. کنترل پیش‌بینانه نیز با استفاده از متغیرهایی که نشان‌دهندۀ رفتار و موفقیت ردیابی دستی بود، اندازه‌گیری گشت. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر نشان می‌دهد که بین کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی و عادی در شاخص‌های کنترل پیش‌بینانه شامل: زمان کلی باقی‌ماندن بر هدف (P=0.049)، زمان متوالی باقی‌ماندن بر هدف (P=0.016)، فاصله از هدف (P=0.002) و سرعت حرکت  (P=0.001) تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. به‌طورکلی، به‌نظر می‌رسد کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی احتمالاً نسبت به گروه کنترل در تحکیم و یادگیری کنترل حرکتی پیش‌بینانه و ایجاد مدل درونی کنترل حرکات دارای نقص هستند و از راهبرد کنترلی بازخوردی و گام‌به‌گام استفاده می‌کنند. همچنین، ممکن است یک نقص زیربنایی در مدل‌سازی درونی در کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی وجود داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Learning of Predictive Motor Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasan Sepehri Bonab 1
  • Fatemeh Sadat Hoseini 2
  • Malek Ahmadi 3

1 PhD Student of Motor Learning, University of Urmia

2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Urmia

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behaviour, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to examine learning of predictive motor control in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).The sampling design was purposive and from (aged 7-12 years) male students of Tabriz, 12 children with DCD by using DCDQ, PMOQ-T, and BOTMP tests, and 12 typically developing (TD) children (age and IQ matched) were selected. Participants were required to track a target moving along a circular path on a rotatory pursuit task by using game controllers. Predictive control was assessed by Variables which reflecting tracking success and behavior with the manual tracking. Results of repeated measure of analysis showed that there was a significant difference between DCD and TD children on measures of predictive control; total time on target (P=0.049), consecutive time on target (P=0.016), distance from the target (P=0.002) and velocity of the cursor (P=0.001). Collectively, probably DCD children had deficits in consolidation and learning of predictive motor control, they may be used feedback-based step-and-hold strategy, and an underlying deficit in the internal modeling was concluded in DCD children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DCD
  • Feed Forward Control
  • Motor Pursuit Tracking
  • Predictive Motor Control
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 9، شماره 29
پاییز 1396
آبان 1396
صفحه 85-108
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 اردیبهشت 1396
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