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مقایسة تاثیر تمرین تکلیف‌مداربا فعالیت‌های معمول در کلاس تربیت‌بدنی بر رشد مهارت‌های درشت کودکان دچار اختلال هماهنگی رشدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، مشاهدة تأثیر هشت هفته مداخلة تمرینی قابل‌اجرا بر رشد مهارت‌های جابه‌جایی و دستکاری،در ساعات درس تربیت‌بدنی مدارسو براساس رویکرد تکلیف‌مدار بود. این پژوهش روی30 کودک دختر و پسر هفت تا نُه سالةدچار اختلال هماهنگی رشدی شهر تهران انجام شد. مطالعة حاضر به‌شکل نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون و با دو گروه مداخلةتکلیف‌محور (15 نفر) و فعالیت معمول (15 نفر) در جریان کلاس تربیت‌بدنیاجرا شد. ابزارهای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسش‌نامة تشخیصی اختلال هماهنگی رشدی و آزمون مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت- دو بودند. اطلاعات ازطریق آزمون‌ تحلیل واریانس بین‌گروهی با اندازه‌گیری‌های تکراری تجزیه‌‌وتحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد کهتمرین در کلاس تربیت‌بدنی به روش تکلیف‌مدار به‌صورت معناداری نسبت به تمرین به روش معمول، باعث افزایش عملکرد در خرده‌مقیاس‌های دستکاری (P<0.05) به‌جز مهارت ضربه به توپ با دست (F=2.226, P=0.147) و خرده‌مقیاس‌های جابه‌جایی (P<0.01) به‌جز مهارت لی‌لی‌کردن (F=2.869, P=0.101) می‌شود. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که برای کودکان دچار اختلال هماهنگی رشدی، مداخلة تمرینی به روش تمرین اختصاصی مهارت و براساس رویکرد بوم‌شناختی تکلیف‌مدار، بر تمرین به‌شکل عمومی با تأکید بر توانایی­های عمومی ارجحیت دارد؛ بنابراین، توصیه می‌شود در برنامه‌ریزی تمرینی این کودکان، معلمان تربیت‌بدنی به طراحی تکلیف‌مدار توجه کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the Effect of Task-Oriented Approach Intervention with Ordinary Activity on Gross Motor Development of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Kordi 1
  • Mehdi Sohrabi 2
  • Alireza Saberi Kakhki 3
  • Seyed Reza Attarzadeh Hoseini 4

1 Ph.D. in Motor Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Professor of Motor Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

4 Professor of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

This study carried out for observing the effect of 8-week exercise program runs during the school PE class based on task-oriented approach to develop the skills of locomotors and manipulation of 30 girls and boys between 7 to 9 years old with DCD in city of Tehran. This semi-experimental study was conducted through pretest-posttest design and two groups of school-based intervention (n=15) and ordinary training (n=15) during PE class. Data were collected with developmental coordination disorder diagnostic questionnaire (DCDQ’7) and test of gross motor development-2 (Ulrich, 2000). the Data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test, along with repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that an ordinary training in PE class would lead to significant improvement only in manipulative skills (P<0.05). but the performance score of task-oriented training group improved significantly both locomotors (except hop) and manipulation skills (P<0.01). The results of this study showed that intervention by specialized training and skills-based approach according to ecological perspectives will take precedence to the general training and emphasis on the overall ability. Therefore, it is recommended that task-based design should be considered by coaches and PE teachers for training schedule of DCD children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • School-Based Intervention
  • Developmental Coordination Disorder
  • Task-Oriented Approach
  • Gross Motor Development
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 10، شماره 33
پاییز 1397
مهر 1397
صفحه 17-34
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 فروردین 1395
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