نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین اثر زمان‌بندی تمرین و ریتم شبانه‌روزی بر یادگیری مهارت فورهند تنیس روی میزبود. پژوهش حاضر ازنوع نیمه‌تجربی بود. بدین‌منظور، 40 آزمودنی مبتدی، راست‌دست و با میانگین سنی 21/3± 22، براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شدند و براساس انواع مختلف شبانه‌روزی، افراد به‌صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه قرار داده شدند. گروه اول (افراد صبحگاهی) تمرین بدنی، گروه دوم (افراد صبحگاهی) تمرین ترکیبی (تصویرسازی حرکتی+ تمرین بدنی)، گروه سوم (افراد عصرگاهی) تمرین بدنی و گروه چهارم (افراد عصرگاهی) تمرین ترکیبی (تصویرسازی حرکتی+ تمرین بدنی) بودند. گروهها به‌مدت پنج جلسه مهارت فورهند تنیس روی میز را تمرین کردند و در دو آزمون یادداری در صبح و عصر شرکت کردند. نتایج تحلیل واریانس مرکب با اندازههای تکراری در مرحلة اکتساب نشان داد عملکرد آزمودنیها در جلسات چهارم و پنجم بهتر از سایر جلسات است. بررسی میانگینها نشان داد که گروه تمرین بدنی صرف صبح‌فعال ضعیفترین عملکرد و گروه تمرین ترکیبی عصرفعال بهترین عملکرد را دارند (P<0.001). در آزمون یادداری اول، عملکرد آزمودنیهای صبح‌فعال بهتر از عملکرد آزمودنیهای عصرفعال است (P<0.001). نتایج آزمون یادداری دوم نشان داد که عملکرد آزمودنیهای عصرفعال بهتر از عملکرد آزمودنیهای صبح‌فعال است. بررسی میانگینها نشان داد که در آزمون یادداری دوم، گروه تمرین ترکیبی عصرفعال بهترین عملکرد و گروه تمرین ترکیبی صبح‌فعال ضعیفترین عملکرد را دارند (P<0.001). یافته ها نشان داد که میزان تأثیرگذاری تصویرسازی و تمرین بدنی بر یادگیری مهارت حرکتی تحت‌تأثیر گروههای مختلف شبانه روزی فرد و زمان تمرین فراگیر در صبح یا عصر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Determine the Timing of the Circadian Rhythm in Physical Training and Motor Imagery on Learning Tennis on Table Forehand in Individuals with Different Circadian
نویسندگان [English]
- Marziyeh Entezari 1
- Behrooz Abdoli 2
- Parvaneh Shamsipoor Dehkordi 3
1 Ph.D. Student Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Alzahra University
چکیده [English]
Circadian rhythm and motor imagery according to the rhythm are one of the factors that appears in learning motor skills. The aim of present study is determining the timing of the circadian rhythm in physical training and motor imagery on learning tennis on table forehand in individuals with different circadian. This study was of type semi-experimental and done by pretest and posttest. For this purpose, selected 40 novice participants, right –handed, their average age was 22±3/21. Individuals selected in order to standard scales this study and circadian types. They randomly assigned for four groups. The first group (morningness) performed just physical training and group second (morningness) had combination practice (motor imagery and physical training). Both of them practiced in the morning. The third group (eveningness) performed just physical training and the fourth group had combination practice (motor imagery + physical training). Both of them practiced in the afternoon. The groups had five sessions for training on skill after pretest. The final they evaluated with retention test in the morning and afternoon. The data in acquisition phase analyzed of variance with repeated measures 4 (experimental group) × 5 (number of training sessions) and the retention of tow-way variance 2 (circadian rhythm: practice in the morning and afternoon) ×2 (type of exercise: combination and just physical training). The results showed that individual ‘s performance was better during the acquisition phase than the other session in the fourth and fifth sessions. Examination of averages showed the weakest performance in physical training group (morningness) and the best performance in combination group (eveningness) (p<0.001). Morningness individual better than the eveningness individual in the first retention test (retention test in the morning) (P<0.001). Results in the second retention test (retention in the afternoon) showed better performance for eveningness individual, also combination group (eveningness) had better performance in the second retention and combination group (morningness) had weakest performance (P<0.001). The results showed the motor imagery and physical training on learning motor skill is influenced by individual’s circadian rhythm and their practice timing in the morning or afternoon, so we can use of suitable timing according circadian rhythm as important factor in improving the performance of motor skills.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Morningness
- Eveningness
- Motor Imagery
- Motor Learning
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