رفتار حرکتی

اثر زمان‌بندی تمرین و ریتم شبانه‌روزی بر یادگیری مهارت فورهند تنیس روی میز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)

چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین اثر زمان‌بندی تمرین و ریتم شبانه‌روزی بر یادگیری مهارت فورهند تنیس روی میزبود. پژوهش حاضر ازنوع نیمه‌تجربی بود. بدین‌منظور، 40 آزمودنی مبتدی، راست‌دست و با میانگین سنی 21/3± 22، براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شدند و براساس انواع مختلف شبانه‏روزی، افراد به‌صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه قرار داده شدند. گروه اول (افراد صبحگاهی) تمرین بدنی، گروه دوم (افراد صبحگاهی) تمرین ترکیبی (تصویرسازی حرکتی+ تمرین بدنی)، گروه سوم (افراد عصرگاهی) تمرین بدنی و گروه چهارم (افراد عصرگاهی) تمرین ترکیبی (تصویرسازی حرکتی+ تمرین بدنی) بودند. گروه‏ها به‌مدت پنج جلسه مهارت فورهند تنیس روی میز را تمرین کردند و در دو آزمون یادداری در صبح و عصر شرکت کردند. نتایج تحلیل واریانس مرکب با اندازه‏های تکراری در مرحلة اکتساب نشان داد عملکرد آزمودنی‏ها در جلسات چهارم و پنجم بهتر از سایر جلسات است. بررسی میانگین‏ها نشان داد که گروه تمرین بدنی صرف صبح‌فعال ضعیف‏ترین عملکرد و گروه تمرین ترکیبی عصرفعال بهترین عملکرد را دارند (P<0.001). در آزمون یادداری اول، عملکرد آزمودنی‏های صبح‌فعال بهتر از عملکرد آزمودنی‏های عصرفعال است (P<0.001). نتایج آزمون یادداری دوم نشان داد که عملکرد آزمودنی‏های عصرفعال بهتر از عملکرد آزمودنی‏های صبح‌فعال است. بررسی میانگین‏ها نشان داد که در آزمون یادداری دوم، گروه تمرین ترکیبی عصرفعال بهترین عملکرد و گروه تمرین ترکیبی صبح‌فعال ضعیف‏ترین عملکرد را دارند (P<0.001). یافته‏ ها نشان داد که میزان تأثیرگذاری تصویرسازی و تمرین بدنی بر یادگیری مهارت حرکتی تحت‌تأثیر گروه‏های مختلف شبانه‏ روزی فرد و زمان تمرین فراگیر در صبح یا عصر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Determine the Timing of the Circadian Rhythm in Physical Training and Motor Imagery on Learning Tennis on Table Forehand in Individuals with Different Circadian

نویسندگان English

  • Marziyeh Entezari 1
  • Behrooz Abdoli 2
  • Parvaneh Shamsipoor Dehkordi 3
1 Ph.D. Student Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Alzahra University
چکیده English

Circadian rhythm and motor imagery according to the rhythm are one of the factors that appears in learning motor skills. The aim of present study is determining the timing of the circadian rhythm in physical training and motor imagery on learning tennis on table forehand in individuals with different circadian. This study was of type semi-experimental and done by pretest and posttest. For this purpose, selected 40 novice participants, right –handed, their average age was 22±3/21. Individuals selected in order to standard scales this study and circadian types. They randomly assigned for four groups. The first group (morningness) performed just physical training and group second (morningness) had combination practice (motor imagery and physical training). Both of them practiced in the morning. The third group (eveningness) performed just physical training and the fourth group had combination practice (motor imagery + physical training). Both of them practiced in the afternoon. The groups had five sessions for training on skill after pretest. The final they evaluated with retention test in the morning and afternoon. The data in acquisition phase analyzed of variance with repeated measures 4 (experimental group) × 5 (number of training sessions) and the retention of tow-way variance 2 (circadian rhythm: practice in the morning and afternoon) ×2 (type of exercise: combination and just physical training). The results showed that individual ‘s performance was better during the acquisition phase than the other session in the fourth and fifth sessions. Examination of averages showed the weakest performance in physical training group (morningness) and the best performance in combination group (eveningness) (p<0.001). Morningness individual better than the eveningness individual in the first retention test (retention test in the morning) (P<0.001). Results in the second retention test (retention in the afternoon) showed better performance for eveningness individual, also combination group (eveningness) had better performance in the second retention and combination group (morningness) had weakest performance (P<0.001). The results showed the motor imagery and physical training on learning motor skill is influenced by individual’s circadian rhythm and their practice timing in the morning or afternoon, so we can use of suitable timing according circadian rhythm as important factor in improving the performance of motor skills.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Morningness
  • Eveningness
  • Motor Imagery
  • Motor Learning
1. Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005;437(7063):1257-63.
2. James L, Benincton S. Dictionary encyclopedia of laboratory medicin attlechnology W.B.S sanders co;1984.
3. Gerstner JR, Aton SJ, Heller HC. Waking up to the alarm: Sleep, clocks, and making memory (s) tick. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2015; 9(65):1-3.
4. Piccione G, Assenza A, Grasso F, Caola G. Daily rhythm of circulating fat soluble vitamin concentration (A, D, E and K) in the horse. J Circadian Rhythms . 2004; 2(1):1-4.
5. Jorgensen MG, Rathleff MS, Laessoe U, Caserotti P, Nielsen OB, Aagaard P. Time-of-day influences postural balance in older adults. Gait Posture. 2012;35(4):653-7.
6. DeYoung CG, Hasher L, Djikic M, Criger B, Peterson JB. Morning people are stable people: Circadian rhythm and the higher-order factors of the Big Five. ISSID. 2007;43(2):267-76.
7. Eirunn Thunx, Eirunn, Bjørn Bjorvatn, Elisabeth Flo, Anette Harris, Ståle Pallesen. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;23:1–9.
8. Gribble PA, Tucker WS, White PA. Time-of-day influences on static and dynamic postural control. J Athl Train. 2007;42(1):35-41
9. Tsaousis I. Circadian preferences and personality traits: A meta‐analysis. Eur J Pers. 2010;24(4):356-73.
10. Michel M, Lyons LC. Unraveling the complexities of circadian and sleep interactions with memory formation through invertebrate research. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2014;8(133):1-13
11. Schmidt C, Collette F, Cajochen C, Peigneux P. A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition. neuropsychol. 2007;24(7):755-89.
12. Natale V, Cicogna P. Morningness - eveningness dimension: is it really a continuum. ISSID. 2002;32(5):809-16.
13. Lyons LC, Roman G. Circadian modulation of short-term memory in Drosophila. Learn Mem. 2009;16(1):19-27.
14. Steenland K, Deddens JA. Effect of travel and rest on performance of professional basketball players. Sleep. 1997;20(5):366-9.
15. Winget CM, DeRoshia CW, Holley DC. Circadian rhythms and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(5):498-516.
16. Gerstner JR, Yin JC. Circadian rhythms and memory formation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010;11(8):577-88.
17. Rulleau T, Mauvieux B, Toussaint L. Influence of Circadian Rhythms on the Temporal Features of Motor Imagery for Older Adult Inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(7):1229-34.
18. Dickstein R, Deutsch JE. Motor imagery in physical therapist practice. Phys Ther.2007;87(7):942-53.
19. Debarnot U, Sahraoui D, Champely S, Collet C, Guillot A. Selective influence of circadian modulation and task characteristics on motor imagery time. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2012;83(3):442-50.
20. Howe BL. Imagery and sport performance. Sports Med, 1991;11(1):1-5.
21. Gueugneau N, Mauvieux B, Papaxanthis C. Circadian modulation of mentally simulated motor actions: implications for the potential use of motor imagery in rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009; 23(3), 237-245.‏
22. Basiri F. The effect of four weeks of training vision and skill on improving motor- perceptual abilities and learning skill forehand table tennis. Masterʼs Thesis. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University;2011.
23. Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1975;4(2):97-110.
24. Natale V, Esposito MJ, Martoni M, Fabbri M. Validity of the reduced version of the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2006;4(1):72-4.
25. Chelminski I, Ferraro FR, Petros T, Plaud JJ. Horne and Ostberg questionnaire: A score distribution in a large sample of young adults. Pers Individ Dif, 1997;23(4): 647-52.
26. Ziaei M, Amiri sh, Hossein M. The relationship between circadian type and reaction time scores of students in the morning and evening. Journal of Cognitive Science News. 2007;2(9):47-53. (In Persian).
27. Hall CR, Martin KA. Measuring movement imagery abilities: A revision of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire. mental imagery. 1997. 21, 143-54.
28. Atienza F, Balaguer I, Garcia-Merita ML. Factor analysis and reliability of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills. 1994;78(3c):1323-8.
29. Mehdi Sohrabi, Farsi AR, Fooladian J. Determines the validity and reliability of the Persian Version Questionnaire revised motor imagery. JSSM. 2010;2(5):13-24. (In Persian).
30. Tahmasebi SH, Mirheidari S. The effect of imagery different models on balance Tehran University students. Journal of Motor Learning. 2014;4(1):111-27. (In Persian).
31. Guillot A, Collet C. Duration of mentally simulated movement: a review. J Mot Behav. 2005;37(1):10-20.
32. Zamani H, Farsi AR, Abdoli B. The effect of different speeds of motor imagery on football dribbling in skilled players. Journal of Sport Psychology.2015;2(6):2-15. (In Persian).
33. Askari Z, Abdoli B. The effect of inductive, clear and explanatory learning methods on Performance under psychological pressure. Journal of Motor Learning.2014, 5 (2): 23-46. (In Persian).
34. Wright KP, Lowry CA, LeBourgeois MK. Circadian and wakefulness-sleep modulation of cognition in humans. Front Mol Neurosci. 2012;5(50):50-6.
35. Song J, Stough C. The relationship between morningness–eveningness, time-of-day, speed of information processing, and intelligence. Pers Individ Dif. 2000;29(6): 1179-90.
36. Richardson G, Tate B. Hormonal and pharmacological manipulation of the circadian clock: recent developments and future strategies. Sleep. 2000;23:77-85.
37. Drust B, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Reilly T. Circadian rhythms in sports performance—an update. Chronobiol Int. 2005;22(1):21-44.
38. Buhr ED, Yoo SH, Takahashi JS. Temperature as a universal resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators. Science. 2010;330(6002):379-85.
39. Tokish J, Kocher M Hawkins R. Ergogenic aids: a review of basic science, performance, side effects, and status in sports. Am J Sports Med, 2004, 32.6: 1543-1553.‏
40. Wright KP, Hull JT, Czeisler CA. Relationship between alertness, performance, and body temperature in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002;283(6):1370-7.
41. Gerstner JR, Aton SJ, Heller HC. Waking up to the alarm: Sleep, clocks, and making memory (s) tick. Front Syst Neurosci.2015; 9:1-5.
42. Monti JM, Monti D. The involvement of dopamine in the modulation of sleep and waking. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11(2):113-33.
43. Duffy JF, Dijk DJ, Hall EF, Czeisler CA. Relationship of endogenous circadian melatonin and temperature rhythms to self-reported preference for morning or evening activity in young and older people. J Investig Med: the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research. 1999; 47(3):141-50.
44. Mongrain V, Lavoie S, Selmaoui B, Paquet J, Dumont M. Phase relationships between sleep-wake cycle and underlying circadian rhythms in morningness-eveningness. J Biol Rhythms. 2004;19(3):248-57.
45. Deschodt VJ, Arsac LM. Morning vs. evening maximal cycle power and technical swimming ability.JSCR. 2004; 18(1):149-54.
46. Reilly T, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Farrelly K, Fairhurst E. Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiol Int. 2007;24(3):507-19.
رفتار حرکتی
دوره 10، شماره 33
پاییز 1397
مهر 1397
صفحه 51-70

  • تاریخ دریافت 13 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 دی 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 بهمن 1395

صفحه اصلی

داوران

ارسال مقاله

اصول اخلاقی

اخبار و اعلانات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

تماس با ما