نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه اراک
2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر آموزش و تمرین شنا بر حس حرکت پسران با اختلال بینایی بود.پژوهش حاضر ازنوع نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون بود. شرکت‌کنندگان پسران با اختلال بینایی عضو انجمن نابینایان شهرستان اراک بودند. تعداد 20 پسر سالم نابینا به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه تجربی (10 نفر) و کنترل (10 نفر) قرار گرفتند. برای ارزیابی حس حرکت از آزمون تنظیم زاویة دست برتربهرامی (1389) استفاده شد. برای هر دو گروه پیش‌آزمون اجرا شد. گروه تجربی در جلسه‌های تمرین به‌مدت 10 هفته (دو جلسه در هفته و هر جلسه 60 دقیقه) شرکت کردند؛ اما برای گروه کنترل تمرین خاصی درنظر گرفته نشد. پس از اتمام دورة تمرینی، پس‌آزمون‌های حس حرکت در همان محیط اندازه‌گیری شدند. برای تعیین طبیعی‌بودن داده‌ها از آزمون شاپیرو- ویلک، برای محاسبة میانگین و انحراف استاندارد از آمار توصیفی و برای تعیین اختلاف درون‌گروهی و بین‌گروهی پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون، به‌ترتیب از آزمون‌های تی همبسته و تی مستقل در سطح معناداری (0.05 ≥P ) استفاده شد.آزمون تی همبسته اختلاف معنادار متغیرهای حس حرکتدر گروه تجربی را نشان داد (0.05 ≥P )؛ درحالی‌که نمرات حس حرکت گروه کنترل اختلاف معناداری را نشان نداد (0.05 ≥ P). همچنین، در پیش‌آزمون‌های حس حرکت بین دو گروه تجربی و کنترل اختلاف معناداری مشاهده نشد؛ اما در پس‌آزمون، گروه تجربی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه کنترل داشت (0.05 ≥ P). نتایج پژوهش حاضر بیانگر این بود که تمرین شنا بر بهبود حس حرکت پسران با اختلال بینایی تأثیر دارد؛ بنابراین، به‌نظر می‌رسد استفاده از آموزش و تمرین شنا در برنامه‌های ورزشی و توان‌بخشی افراد با اختلال بینایی می‌تواند فواید بسیاری داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Swimming Training and Practice on the Kinesthesia of Boys with Visual Impairment
نویسندگان [English]
- Sajjad Nemati 1
- Alireza Bahrami 2
- Hasan Khalaji 2
1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Arak University
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Arak University
چکیده [English]
Kinesthesia variable is very important for boys with visual impairments. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of swimming training and practice on boys with visual impairment. This study was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design. Participants included boys with visual impairment (aged 9 to 15) from the Society for the Blind in Arak city, who were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Bahrami (2011) test of setting the Joint-Position Sense and Kinesthesia, isometric dynamometer was used to measure the preferred hands' Kinesthesia of the participants. The experimental group was required to participate in a ten-week water training program (two days a week), while the control group did not participate in any organized training program. Both groups performed a pretest prior to the experimental period and performed a posttest immediately after the experimental period. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of the data and independent and paired t test for determining the in-group and intergroup differences between pre-test and post-test, at a significance level of 95 percent and the P≤0.05, were used. The paired t test showed significant difference of kinesthesia of experimental group (P ≤ 0.05). While the kinesthesia data of control group showed no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). Also, the scores on the pretest showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups (P ≥ 0.05). However, on the post test, a between-group difference was found in the participants’ task scores (P ≤ 0.05). The result showed that swimming training can improve the kinesthesia of boys with visual impairment. So, it seems that the use of this training in exercise and rehabilitation program of these people can have many benefits for them.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Swimming Training
- Practice
- Kinesthesia
- Visual Impairment
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