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مقایسة هماهنگی درون‌عضوی و زمان‌بندی اجرای مهارت پرتاب بیسبال در پرتابگران ماهر و مبتدی با تأکید بر فازهای مختلف حرکت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد علی‌آباد کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد کتول، ایران

2 استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه لوکزامبورگ

چکیده

هماهنگی اندام­های بدن درطول اجرای مهارت پرتاب بیسبال و زمان­بندی اجرای فازهای مختلف حرکت، به‌طورکامل شناخته‌شده نیست. هدف پژوهش حاضر، توصیف هماهنگی درون­عضوی و زمان­بندی اجرای مهارت پرتاب بیسبال با تأکید بر فازهای شش‌گانة آن در پرتابگر ماهر و مقایسة آن‌ها با پرتابگران مبتدی بود. شرکت­کننده­های پژوهش شامل هشت پرتابگر مبتدی و یک پرتابگر ماهر بودند. هماهنگی درون­عضوی شامل هماهنگی بین مفاصل شانه و آرنج بود که با استفاده از نمودارهای زاویه- زاویه نمایش داده شد. نقاط شروع و پایان پرتاب­ها با استفاده از روش درون­یابی خطی یکسان­سازی شدند و به 250 نقطة زمانی نرمالیزه شدند. زمان­بندی، زاویة ابتدا و انتهای هر فاز و حداقل و حداکثر زاویة مفاصل شانه و آرنج در هر فاز، در پرتابگران مبتدی با ماهر مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت نسبتاً آشکاری بین پرتابگران ماهر و مبتدی در هماهنگی درون‌‌عضوی مفاصل شانه- آرنج به‌خصوص در فازهای ابتدایی آغاز و گام وجود دارد. همچنین، تفاوت قابل­ملاحظه­ای بین پرتابگران مبتدی با پرتابگر ماهر در زوایای ابتدایی، انتهایی و حداقل و حداکثر زاویة ایجادشده در مفاصل شانه و آرنج در فازهای مختلف حرکت وجود دارد. همچنین، پرتابگران مبتدی کل مهارت و فازهای اول، چهارم و پنجم را در زمان کمتری نسبت به پرتابگر ماهر اجرا می‌کنند. دربارة نتایج پژوهش با توجه به ویژگی­های فضایی- زمانی اجرای مهارت پرتاب بیسبال در پرتابگران ماهر و مبتدی و ملاحظات کاربردی آن درزمینة بهبود مهارت و جلوگیری از آسیب بحث شده است.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing Intra-Limb Coordination and Timing of Performing a Baseball-Pitch in Skilled and Unskilled Pitchers with Emphasis on Different Movement Phases

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Ghorbani 1
  • Andreas Bund 2

1 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

2 Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Luxembourg

چکیده [English]

The coordination of body limbs and the timing during performing of a Baseball-pitch and its different movement phases are relatively unknown. The purpose of the present study was to describe and compare the coordination between the shoulder-elbow joints and timing during execution of a Baseball-pitch by skilled and unskilled subjects emphasizing movement phases. The subjects consisted of a skilled male pitcher and eight beginner pitchers. Intra-limb coordination was obtained for the shoulder-elbow joints and was shown by angle-angle plots. Start and end points of all pitchers were normalized by linear interpolation method to 250 points. Timing, angles of the beginning and end of each phase, and the minimum and maximum angles of shoulder and elbow joints in each phase were compared between skilled and unskilled pitchers. The results indicated that there is a relatively clear difference in the coordination patterns between the joints of the shoulder-elbow, especially in the first and second phases between skilled and unskilled pitchers. There were also many differences between unskilled pitchers with the skilled pitcher at the beginning and end as well as the minimum and maximum angles of shoulder and elbow joints in different phases. Considering the timing variable, the time of performing the whole movement and the first, fourth, and fifth phases in unskilled pitchers was significantly shorter than that of the skilled pitcher. The results were discussed with regard to spatiotemporal characteristics of the performing Baseball-pitch in skilled and unskilled pitchers. Also, were discussed practical considerations for improving skills and preventing injury.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baseball-Pitch
  • Intra-Limb Coordination
  • Timing
  • Movement Phase
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 10، شماره 34
زمستان 1397
دی 1397
صفحه 29-48
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سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 شهریور 1397
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