نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
2 استادیار رفتارحرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکترای رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
4 دکترای رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
آزمون رشد حرکتی درشت نسخة سه (اولریخ، 2016) برای طیف اتیسم همراه با حمایت بینایی پیشنهاد شده است که در مطالعة حاضر، هنجاریابی این آزمون در پسران سالم و در پسران با اختلال طیف اتیسم ارزیابی شد. پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی- هنجاری و طرح پژوهش، مقطعی و بالینی بود. نمونة آماری 160 پسر سه تا 10 سال شهر ارومیه با میانگین سنی 09/3 ± 73/7 بودند که 80 نفر با اختلال اتیسم و 80 نفر سالم و بدون اختلال یا بدون تأخیر رشدی- حرکتی بودند. ابزار جمعآوری دادهها، آزمون اولریخ- سه با حمایت بینایی بود که مهارتهای بنیادی کودکان را در دامنة سنی سه تا10 سال ارزیابی میکند. آزمون شامل شش مهارت جابه‌جایی و هفت مهارت توپی بود. بررسی پایایی آزمون ازطریق آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی بینارزیاب، پایایی درونارزیاب و بازآزمایی نشان داد که آزمون اولریخ- سه در پسران سالم و اولریخ- سه با حمایت بینایی در کودکان با اختلال اتیسم ابزاری پایا است. روایی آزمون نیز ازطریق مقایسة نمره‌های کودکان سالم و کودکان با اختلال اتیسم و بررسی همبستگی سن با عملکرد حرکتی درشت ارزیابی شد. کودکان سالم در عملکرد حرکتی نسبت به کودکان با اختلال اتیسم برتری داشتند و عملکرد حرکتی کودکان با اختلال اتیسم با حمایت بینایی نسبت به آزمون بدون حمایت بینایی، بهبود داشت. ارتباط بین سن و خردهمقیاس جابه‌جایی، مهارت توپی و نمرة کل در کودکان با اختلال اتیسم و سالم تأیید شد و در خردهمقیاس جابه‌جایی در آزمون با حمایت بینایی بسیار کم بود. آزمون رشد حرکتی درشت نسخة سه، به‌عنوان آزمونی روا و پایا در کودکان سالم و در کودکان با اختلال اتیسم در بازة سنی سه تا 10 سال اعتبار و اطمینان ارزیابی را دارد و می‌تواند استفاده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Validity and Reliability of Ulrich – 3rd (TGMD-3) with Visual Support among Autism Boys
نویسندگان [English]
- Mehran Soleymani 1
- Jalal Dehghani Zadeh 2
- Elham Daneshyar 3
- Parisa Parsafar 4
1 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Ph.D. in Motor Behavior, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
The Test of Gross Motor Development – 3rd Edition (Ulrich, 2016) has been suggested in the autism spectrum with visual support, in this study, standardization in healthy boys and autism has been investigated. The strategy, design, and method of the research were descriptive-normative, cross-sectional and clinical. The samples of research were 160 children with an average age of 7.73 ± 3.09 from 3-10-year-old boys in Urmia that 80 boys with autism spectrum disorder and 80 boys were normal and had no disorder or developmental- delay. The data collection tool was TGMD-3 test with the visual support that evaluated children's fundamental skills in the age range of 3 to 10 years. This test consists of six locomotion and seven ball skills. The reliability of the test by Cronbach's alpha, the interrater reliability, the intrarater reliability, and the retest showed that the TGMD-3 test in healthy boys and TGMD-3 with vision support in children with autism is a lasting tool. The validity of the test was also evaluated by comparing the raw scores of healthy and autism children, confirmatory factor analysis and age correlation with the gross motor function of children. Healthy children had a significant superiority in motor function compared to children with autism, and the motor function of autism children with visual support was significantly improved compared with the test without visual support. Finally, the association between age and locomotion subtest, ball skill and the total raw score of both the autism and healthy children was confirmed and in locomotion subtest in the test with visual support was obtained at a very low level. The Test of Gross Motor Development – 3rd Edition as a valid and reliable test in healthy and autistic children in 3-10age range has the credibility and reliability of evaluation and use.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Psychometric
- Gross Motor Development Test
- Autism
- Visual Support
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