رفتار حرکتی

اثر تمرین‌های چشم ساکن بر یادگیری مهارت‌های تنیس روی میز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده
هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی کارآمدی تمرین‌های چشم ساکن در یادگیری مهارت‌های تنیس روی میز بود. بدین‌منظور، 28 بازیکن مبتدی به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه قرار گرفتند. گروه کنترل 12 جلسه تمرین‌های رایج و گروه تجربی یک جلسه تمرین‌های چشم ساکن و 12 جلسه تمرین‌های رایج با تمرکز بر تمرین‌های چشم ساکن را انجام دادند. نتایج نشان داد که گروه تجربی در فاکتورهای بینایی و دقت عملکرد در تمام مهارت‌ها بهبود یافتند و میانگین دقت عملکرد در گروه کنترل (7.1= M، 3.2 = M) و تجربی (10.2 = M، 6.3 = M) به‌ترتیب در اجرای سرویس و دریافت سرویس بود. یافته‌های مطالعة حاضر از ادبیات پژوهشی دراین‌زمینه حمایت می‌کنند که تمرین‌های چشم ساکن در مقایسه با تمرین‌های رایج، اکتساب مهارت در افراد مبتدی را سرعت می‌بخشند و شواهد اولیه‌ نشان می‌دهند که پروتکل‌های تمرینی چشم ساکن مختصر می‌توانند تأثیر تمرینی بلندمدت داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Quiet Eye Training on Learning Skills of Table Tennis

نویسندگان English

  • Fahimeh Taghizadeh 1
  • Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini 2
  • Mohsen Behnam 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, Urmia University
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavioral and Sport Management, Urmia University
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavioral and Sport Management, Urmia University
چکیده English

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of quiet eye training practices on the learning skills of table tennis. For this purpose, 28 novice players were randomly placed in two Control and Experimental groups. The Control group participants attended 12 sessions of usual table tennis training practices, whereas the Experimental group had one specialized training session on quiet eye technique, along with 12 sessions of usual exercises focused on quiet eye training. The results demonstrated that the visual factors and performance accuracy of the participants attending the Experimental group significantly improved throughout all skills. The average performance accuracy, respectively in serve and return of serve, was calculated at M=7.1, M= 3.2 for Control group and M=10.2, M= 6.3 for Experimental group. Findings of the present study support research literature in this context, acknowledging that quiet eye training practices, compared to typical table tennis practices, accelerate acquisition of skills for the beginners. They further provide basic evidence suggesting that short-term quiet eye practice protocols can leave long-term effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Quiet Eye Training
  • Performance Accuracy
  • Fixation and Saccade
  • Technique
  • Self-Paced
  1. Vickers, J. N. Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. Human Kinetics. (2007).
  2. Williams AM, Singer RN, Frehlich SG. Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks. J Mot Behav. 2002;34(2):197-207.
  3. Wilson MR, Causer J, Vickers JN. Aiming for excellence: The quiet eye as a characteristic of expertise. InRoutledge handbook of sport expertise 2015 Mar 24 (pp. 48-63). Routledge.
  4.  Vine SJ, Moore L, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers. Front Psychol. 2011;2:8, 1-8.
  5. Wood G, Wilson MR. Quiet-eye training for soccer penalty kicks. Cogn Process. 2011;12(3):257-66.
  6. Causer J, Holmes PS, Williams AM. Quiet eye training in a visuo-motor control task. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(6):1042-9.
  7. Moore LJ, Vine SJ, Cooke A, Ring C, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training expedites motor learning and aids performance under heightened anxiety: The roles of response programming and external attention. Psychophysiology. 2012;49(7):1005-15.
  8. Harle SK, Vickers JN. Training quiet eye improves accuracy in the basketball free throw. Sport Psychol. 2001;15(3):289-305.
  9. Vine SJ, Wilson MR. The influence of quiet eye training and pressure on attention and visuo-motor control. Acta Psychol. 2011;136(3):340-6.
  10. Vickers JN. The quiet eye: origins, controversies, and future directions. Kinesiology Rev. 2016;5(2):119-28.
  11. Miles CA, Wood G, Vine SJ, Vickers JN, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training facilitates visuo-motor coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2015;40:31-41.
  12. Vine SJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training: Effects on learning and performance under pressure. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2010;22(4):361-76.
  13. Oudejans RR, Koedijker JM, Bleijendaal I, Bakker FC. The education of attention in aiming at a far target: Training visual control in basketball jump shooting. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;3(2):197-221.
  14. Piras A. Visual scanning in sports actions: Comparison between soccer goalkeepers and jud o fighters. [Doctoral dissertation]: [Alma]. University of Bologna; 2010.
  15. Hancock DJ, Ste-Marie DM. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher-and lower-level ice hockey referees. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013;14(1):66-71.
  16. Lee SM. Does your eye keep on the ball? The strategy of eye movement for Volleyball defensive players during spike serve reception. Int. J. Appl. Sports Sci. 2010;22(1): 128- 37.
  17. Gegenfurtner A, Lehtinen E, Säljö R. Expertise differences in the comprehension of visualizations: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking research in professional domains. Educ Psychol Rev. 2011;23(4):523-52.
  18. Lee, D. H. The role of the quiet eye in golf putting. [Doctoral dissertation]: [England]. University of Exeter; 2015.
  19. Lebeau JC, Liu S, Sáenz-Moncaleano C, Sanduvete-Chaves S, Chacón-Moscoso S, Becker BJ, Tenenbaum G. Quiet eye and performance in sport: A meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016;38(5):441-57.
  20. Causer J, Bennett SJ, Holmes PS, Janelle CM, Williams AM. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(8):1599-608.
  21. Vine SJ, Moore LJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training: The acquisition, refinement and resilient performance of targeting skills. European J Sport Sci. 2014;14(1): 235-42.
  22. Adolphe RM, Vickers JN, Laplante G. The effects of training visual attention on gaze behaviour and accuracy: A pilot study. Int J Sports Vision. 1997;4(1):28-33.
  23. Poolton JM, Maxwell JP, Masters RS, Raab M. Benefits of an external focus of attention: Common coding or conscious processing? J Sports Sci. 2006; 24(1):89-99.
  24. Pooltom JM, Master RSW, Maxwell JP. The influence of analogy learning on decision-making in table tennis: Evidence from behavioural data. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2006;7(6):677-88·
  25. Masters RS. Knowledge, knerves and know how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. Br J Psychol. 1992; 83(3):343-58.
  26. Wulf G, McNevin N, Shea CH. The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus. Q J Exp Psychol. 2001; 54(4):1143-54.
  27. Wulf G. Attention and motor skill learning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1st Edition; 2007. p. 132.
  28. Singer RN. Performance and human factors: Considerations about cognition and attention for self-paced and externally-paced events. Ergonomics. 2000; 43(10):  1661-80.
  29. Singer RN. Preperformance state, routines, and automaticity: What does it take to realize expertise in self-paced events? J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2002; 24(4):359-75.
  30. Wilson MR, Richards H. Putting it together: Skills for pressure performance. Perform Psyc. 2011; 23:1: 337-60.
  31. Klostermann A, Kredel R, Hossner EJ. The “quiet eye” and motor performance: Task demands matter! J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013; 39(5):1270-8.
  32. Haider H, Frensch PA. Eye movement during skill acquisition: More evidence for the information reduction hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition. 1999; 25:172–90.
  33. Gibson JJ. The ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology; 1986. p. 205-9.
  34. Ericsson KA. Expertise and individual differences: The search for the structure and acquisition of experts’ superior performance. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017;8(1-2):1382.
  35. Mann DT, Williams AM, Ward P, Janelle CM. Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007;29(4):457-78.
  36. Kundel HL, Nodine CF, Conant EF, Weinstein SP. Holistic component of image perception in mammogram interpretation: Gaze-tracking study. Radiology; 2007;242:396–402.
  37. Szulewski A, Fernando SM, Baylis J, Howes D. Increasing pupil size is associated with increasing cognitive processing demands: A pilot study using a mobile eye-tracking device. Open J. Emerg. Med. 2014;2(01):8-11.
  38. Williams J, Anderson V, Reddihough DS, Reid SM, Vijayakumar N, Wilson PH. A comparison of motor imagery performance in children with spastic hemiplegia and developmental coordination disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011;33(3):273-82.
  39. Williams J, Omizzolo C, Galea MP, Vance A. Motor imagery skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci. 2013;32(1):121-35.
  40. Vickers JN. Advances in coupling perception and action: The quiet eye as a
    bidirectional link between gaze, attention, and action. Progress in Brain Research. 2009;174:279-88.
رفتار حرکتی
دوره 11، شماره 37
پاییز 1398
آبان 1398
صفحه 53-68

  • تاریخ دریافت 21 مرداد 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 دی 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 دی 1397

صفحه اصلی

داوران

ارسال مقاله

اصول اخلاقی

اخبار و اعلانات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

تماس با ما