نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشد و تکامل ویادگیری حرکتی دانشگاه تهران
2 دانشیار رشد و تکامل و یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشیار آسیب شناسی ورزشی وحرکات اصلاحی، دانشگاه تهران
4 استادیار مهندسی پزشکی _ بیومکانیک، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
چکیده
هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی الگوی حرکتی اندام تحتانی در ضربة شوت کاشتة فوتبال بود. شرکتکنندگان در این پژوهش 24 بازیکن نخبة فوتبال بودند که همگی آنها برتری پای راست داشتند و در شش ماه گذشته هیچگونه آسیب و جراحت جدی نداشتند. 12 نفر از آنها سالم بودند (سن: 2/1 ± 87/25 سال وقد: 6/4 ± 7/180 سانتیمتر) و 12 نفر دیگر (سن: 39/1 ± 25/25 سال و قد: 0/5 ± 37/181 سانتیمتر)بازیکنانی بودند که حداقل دو سال از عمل جراحی بازسازی لیگامان صلیبی قدامی (ACL) آنها میگذشت. پس از 10 دقیقه گرمکردن و اجرای پنج ضربه شوت کاشته، 15 نشانگر منعکسکنندة نور کرویشکل به قطر 14 میلیمتر روی نقاط مشخصشدة آناتومیکی در اندام تحتانی نصب شدند. آزمودنیها ضربة کاشتة شوت فوتبال را سه دفعه انجام دادند. برای اجرای هر ضربه آزمودنی سه قدم از توپ فاصله میگرفت و آنگاه با زاویة 30 درجه به توپ نزدیک میشد و به منطقة مشخصشده به ابعاد 5/1 × 5/1 متر که به فاصلة پنجمتری از توپ و فاصلة نیممتری از سطح زمین قرار داشت، ضربة خود را روانه میکرد. ضربهها با استفاده از سیستم آنالیز حرکتیبا پنج دوربین دیجیتال (viconvcam460) با فرکانس 200 هرتز ثبت شدند. و زوایا و دامنة حرکتی مفاصل ران، زانو و مچ پا و همچنین سرعت زاویهای ساق پا و ران با استفاده از نرمافزارهای تحلیل حرکت وایکون و اکسل 2007 و با استفاده از روش دینامیک معکوس در محیط نرمافزار متلب محاسبه شدند. تحلیل دادهها در نرمافزار اس.پی.اس.اس. نسخة 18 با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره و بینگروهی (مانوا) در سطح معناداری 05/0 انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش تفاوت معناداری را در زاویة هایپراکستنشن ران و نیز زوایای زانو و مچ پا نشان داد (P < 0.05)، امـا در دامـنة حرکتی ران و زاویة ران هنگام تماس پای ضربهزننده با توپ تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (P > 0.05). همـچنین، تفاوت معناداری در سـرعت زاویـهای ران بـین دو گـروه مـشاهده نشد (P = 0.63)؛ این درحالی است که بـرای سـرعت زاویـهای سـاق پا در دو گـروه تفاوت معناداری بهدست آمد (P = 0.000). با توجه به تغییر پارامترهای حرکتی که موجب تغییر معنادار اندازة زوایای دو گروه شده است، میتوان نتیجه گرفت بازسازی آسیب ACLمکانیسم کنترلی و برنامة حرکتی ضربة شوت کاشته را تغییر میدهد و بیشترین تأثیر را بر حرکت مچ و زانو و کمترین تأثیر را بر حرکت ران دارد؛ بنابراین، توصیه میشود مربیان و دستاندرکاران تیمهای ورزشی به این موارد توجه کنند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Motor Coordination of Instep Soccer Kick in Elite Soccer Players After ACL Re-Construction Surgery
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Mahdi Amini 1
- Elahe Arabameri 2
- Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh 3
- Farhad Tabatabaee Ghamsheh 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Development and Motor Learning, Tehran University
2 Associated Professor of Development and Motor Learning, Tehran University
3 Associated Professor of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercise, Tehran University
4 Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering-Biomechanic, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to investigate Motor coordination of lower extremity in instep soccer kick. The participant of this study were 24 elite soccer players of professional Iran league which weren't have any injury in last 6 months. Twelve healthy subject (age 25.87±1.2years, height180.7± 4.6cm, and weight 77.25 ± 5.1 kg) and twelve ones (age25.25± 1.39 years, height181.37 ±5.0cm, weight 76.12±8.02kg) were the players who at least 2 years passed of their ACL reconstruction surgery. After 10 minutes of warm-up and performing five instep kicks, fifteen 14 mm spherical reflective marker were installed on specific anatomical points in the lower extremities; Then subjects performed instep kicks for three times. For performing each kicks subject keep out 3 steps from ball, then approach to the ball with 30° angle and kicks the specific goal are with dimension of 1.5mₓ1.5m, 5m distance to the ball and 0.5-meter distance from the ground. The kicks were records by motion analysis system with five digital cameras (Viconvcam 460) with a frequency of 200 Hz. Angels and ranges of motion of the hip, knee, ankle, foot& also thigh and shank angular velocity were calculated by using of Vicon work Station and Excel-2007 in the setting of MATLAB software. Data analysis were done in SPSS-18 software and by using of MANOVA test at significance level of 0.05.Significant difference results indicated in hyper extension angle of the hip, knee and ankle angle (P<0.05)but there was no significant difference in range of motion of the hip and thigh angle before ball impact (P>0.05). and also, there was no significant difference between the angular velocity of the hip of two groups (P=0.63). However, significant difference were found in the angular velocity of the shank in both groups (P=0.00). According to these results it can be concluded that reconstructed ACL surgary would change the mechanism of control& motor program of instep soccer kick and would have the most effective in the ankle & knee angle and have the lowest impact on the movement of the hip. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches& those who involved in sports teams should pay attention to these results.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Instep Soccer Kick
- Motion Analysis
- Motor Coordination
- ACL Reconstruction
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