رفتار حرکتی

شماره جاری

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اهداف و چشم انداز

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فرایند پذیرش مقالات

تأثیر بازی در فضای باز طبیعی و سرپوشیده بر رشد اجتماعی و ادراکی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

رشد همة ابعاد وجودی کودک از حرکت سرچشمه می‌گیرد. فراهم‌سازهای محیطی به‌عنوان یک عامل تحریک‌کننده برای استفادة بیشتر از فرصت‌ها مطرح هستند و باعث گسترش تغییرات رشدی می‌شوند.پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر بازی در دو فضای باز طبیعی و سرپوشیده بر رشد اجتماعی و ادراکی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی انجام شد. در این مطالعه از روش نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون، با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند استفاده شد. نمونة آماری پژوهش 30 نفر از کودکان پیش‌دبستانی 5/4 تا 5/6 ساله بودند که 15 نفر از آن‌ها در مدرسة طبیعت (فضای باز طبیعی) و 15 نفر دیگر در مهدکودک (فضای سرپوشیده) ثبت‌نام کرده بودند. برای سنجش رشد اجتماعی از مقیاس بلوغ اجتماعی واینلند(1953) و برای ارزیابی رشد ادراکی از آزمون‌ یکپارچگی بینایی-حرکتی بیری-بوکتنیکا(1961) استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس مرکب نشان داد که فعالیت در فضای باز و سرپوشیده بر رشد اجتماعی و ادراکی کودکان تأثیر مثبت و معنا‌داری داشت، اما بازی در طبیعت اثر بیشتری بر رشد اجتماعی و ادراکی کودکان نسبت به فضای سرپوشیده داشت؛به‌طوری‌که 84 درصد از تغییرات در بهرة اجتماعی کودکان و 88 درصد از تغییرات در یکپارچگی بینایی-حرکتی آن‌ها ناشی از فعالیت در فضای باز و طبیعت بود؛ بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت محیط طبیعی نسبت به محیط سرپوشیده بهبود بیشتری در رشد اجتماعی و ادراکی کودکان دارد؛ براین‌اساس، پیشنهاد می‌شود در دوران حساس کودکی، کودکان در فضاهای طبیعی فعالیت بیشتری داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Play in Natural Outdoor and Indoor Space on the Social and Perceptual Development of Preschool Children

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Fathi Rezaie 1
  • Kosar Abbaspour 2
  • Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani 1

1 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tabriz

2 PhD Student of Motor Behavior, University of Tabriz

چکیده [English]

The growth of all aspects of the child's existential origins arises. Environmental affordances are considered as a provocative factor to exploit opportunities and promote developmental change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of play in two space, natural outdoor and indoor space on the social and perceptual development of preschool children. For this purpose, semi-experimental research design with pretest–posttest design and two homogeneous groups was used by convenient method. Statistical sample of research were 30 pre-school children aged 4/5-6/5 that 15 of them at the Natural School (natural outdoor space) and 15 in kindergarten (indoor space) registered. To measure social development, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and to assess perceptual development, the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration was used. Results of mixed ANOVA showed that activity in outdoor and indoor, had a positive and significant effect on the social and perceptual development of children, but playing in nature had a greater effect on the social and perceptual development of children than indoor space. So that 84% of changes in social age and 88% of changes in their visual-motor Integration were due to outdoor activities. Therefore, the natural environment has a greater improvement in the social and perceptual development of children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Freely Play
  • Nature
  • Social Development
  • Perceptual Development
  • Preschool Children
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 12، شماره 40
تابستان 1399
تیر 1399
صفحه 103-120
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 مهر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مهر 1398
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