نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تبریز
2 گروه رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
بازی یکی از محرک‌های مورد نیاز کودکان است و سهم عظیمی از هویت و تجارب کودک در آن کسب می‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه بازی در محیط‌های مختلف (فضای باز طبیعی و سرپوشیده) بر مهارت‌های ادراکی-بینایی و بهره هوشی کودکان پیش دبستانی است.
پژوهش حاضر از نوع علی-مقایسه‌ای بوده که بصورت میدانی انجام شد. جامعه‌ی آماری آن کودکان 6-4 ساله شهر تبریز بودند که نمونه آماری شامل دو گروه 30 نفره بود که به صورت هدفمند به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش مهارت‌های ادراکی-بینایی از آزمون فراستیگ و برای سنجش بهره هوشی از آزمون مهارت شناختی آدمک گودیناف استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری تی مستقل و تحلیل واریانس چند متغییری در نرم افزار spss22 در سطح معنی‌داری 05/0 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
نتایج نشان می‌دهد در کل ادراک بینایی کودکان(0001/0=P) و در بین خرده مقیاس‌های ادراک بینایی، هماهنگی‌حرکتی‌چشم (0001/0=P)، متن و زمینه (003/0=P)، وضعیت در فضا (003/0=P)، روابط ویژه (004/0=P) و همچنین در بهره هوشی نیز (001/0= p) بین دو گروه تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت. بطوری‌که نمرات کودکانی که در فضای باز طبیعی بازی می‌کردند، بیشتر از نمرات کودکانی بود در در فضای سرپوشیده بازی می‌کردند.
نوع محیطی که کودکان در آن فعالیت می‌کنند، بر رشد آنها اثرگذار است. محیط طبیعی، محیطی غنی از محرک‌هاست که بر رشد کودکان تاثیر چشمگیری دارد. برهمین اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود در دوران کودکی، جهت بهبود مهارت‌های ادراکی-بینایی و افزایش بهره هوشی، کودکان در فضاهای باز طبیعی فعالیت بیشتری داشته باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The comparison of outdoor and indoor play on Visual perception and IQ of preschool children
نویسنده [English]
- elaheh yousefi 2
2 Motor Behavior.Physical Education and Sport Science Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Play is one of the most needed stimuli for children and it has a huge share of the child's identity and experiences. The purpose of this study was to compare the play in different environments (natural and indoor spaces) on visual perception skills and IQ of preschool children.
This study was a causal-comparative study conducted in the field. The statistical population consisted of 4-6 year old children in Tabriz city. The sample consisted of two groups of 30 people who were purposefully selected as the sample. Frostig test was used to assess perceptual-visual skills and Goodenoough’s cognitive skill test was used to measure IQ. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software at the significant level of 0.05.
The results show that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the overall children's visual perception (P = 0.0001) and among the subscales of visual perception, eye motor coordination (P = 0.0001), figure-ground (P = 0.003), position in space (0.003), special relationships (p = 0.004) and also in intelligence (p = 0.001). The scores of children playing naturally outdoors were higher than those of children playing indoors.
The type of environment in which children work affects their growth. The natural environment is a rich of stimulus that has a significant impact on children's development. Therefore, it is suggested that children become more active in natural as outdoor spaces at childhood to improve their visual perception skills and increase their intelligence.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- play
- visual perception
- IQ
- Children
- Environment
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