نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران مربی / گروه علوم ورزشی دانشگاه قم
2 استادگروه،رفتارحرکتی و تحلیل ورزشی،دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی،تهران،ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه رفتار حرکتی و روان شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
راهبردهای یادگیری شامل دو دسته کلی راهبردهای شناختی و راهبردهای فراشناختی می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر راهبردهای فراشناختی و بازی در خانه (بسته پیشنهادی یونیسف) بر یادگیری مهارت‌های حرکتی بنیادی کودکان 5 تا 8 سال در همه‌گیری بیماری کرونا انجام گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع مداخله‌ای نیمه تجربی و از نظر طرح تحقیق، پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. شرکت کنندگان 84 کودک ساکن قم بودند که بصورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و بصورت تصادفی در 6 گروه قرار گرفتند. گروه تمرین یونیسف، گروه تمرین یونیسف همراه با راهبردهای فراشناختی و گروه کنترل (در دو گروه سنی 6-5 سال و 8-7 سال). از آزمون ریون و نیویورک برای غربالگری شناختی و جسمانی استفاده گردید. از تمامی شرکت‌کنندگان پیش‌آزمون ارزیابی حرکتی کودکان- ویرایش دوم گرفته شد. مداخله شامل 18 جلسه انجام بازی‌های 4 گانه پیشنهادی یونیسف بود. گروه یونیسف پلاس این تمرینات را همراه با مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته‌ای که جهت تحریک فراشناخت بود، انجام می‌دادند. نتایج پس‌آزمون با روش تحلیل واریانس مرکب و آنکووا نشان داد که تمرینات یونیسف و یونیسف پلاس باعث بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی بنیادی کودکان می‌شوند؛ اما تمرین یونیسف پلاس علیرغم اینکه در هر دو گروه سنی منجر به نتایج بهتری شده، اما این تفاوت معنی‌دار نمی‌باشد و به عبارتی تمرینات فراشناختی در این دو گروه سنی نتوانسته بهبود معنی‌داری ایجاد نماید. در کل می‌توان گفت تمرینات پیشنهادی یونیسف مفید بودند و ترکیب این تمرینات با راهبردهای فراشناختی باعث ارتقاء بیشتر حرکتی کودکان گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of metacognitive strategies and play at home (UNICEF Proposed Package) on learning fundamental motor skills in children aged 5 to 8 years in the pandemic of Corona disease
نویسندگان [English]
- Ahmad Alimardani 1
- mehdi shahbazi 2
- Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni 2
- elahe arab ameri 3
1 PhD Student in Motor Learning, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran
2 Professor, Movement Behavior and Sports Analysis, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate professor Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Learning strategies include two general categories of cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metacognitive strategies and play at home (UNICEF Proposed Package) on learning fundamental motor skills of children aged 5 to 8 in the pandemic of Corona disease. This study was a quasi-experimental intervention and in terms of research design, pre-test and post-test with the control group. Participants were 84 children living in Qom who were incidentaly selected and randomly divided into 6 groups. UNICEF Training Group, UNICEF Training Group with Metacognitive Strategies and Control Group (in the age groups of 5-6 years and 7-8 years). Raven and New York tests were used for cognitive and physical screening. Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition pre-test was taken from all participants. The intervention consisted of 18 sessions of UNICEF-recommended four games. The UNICEF Plus group conducted these exercises with a semi-structured interview to stimulate metacognition. The results of post-test with Mixed ANONA and ANKOVA showed that UNICEF and UNICEF Plus exercises improve children's fundamental motor skills; But despite the fact that UNICEF Plus training has led to better results in both age groups, this difference is not significant, and In other words, metacognitive exercises in these two age groups could not significantly improve. In general, it can be said that the exercises recommended by UNICEF were useful and the combination of these exercises with metacognitive strategies further improved children's motor skills.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- metacognitive strategies
- fundamental motor skills
- children
- play
- Corona disease
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