نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تهران، تهران.

2 استاد تربیت ‌بدنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران.

3 استادیار تربیت ‌بدنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

اختلال نارسایی توجه- بیش فعالی یکی از رایج‌ترین اختلالات دوران کودکی است که توجه روانشناسان و روان‌پزشکان را به خود جلب کرده است. ویژگی‌‌های اصلی این اختلال شامل: ناتوانی در مهار رفتار حرکتی، نارسایی توجه یادگیری، پرخاشگری، مشکلات تحصیلی، برانگیختی، بی‌قراری حرکتی می‌باشد. این پژوهش باهدف تأثیر تمرینات ادراک بینایی بر ادراک عمق کودکان مبتلابه اختلال نارسایی توجه - بیش فعالی صورت گرفت. به همین منظور تعداد ۲۴ کودک پسر مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک در دامنه سنی 6 تا 12 ساله به‌ صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند و بر اساس اهداف پژوهش، آزمودنی‌‌ها به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه قرار گرفتند.. یافته‌‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که یک دوره تمرینات ادراک بینایی تأثیر معناداری بر کاهش علائم اختلال نارسایی توجه - بیش فعالی دارد. برای یافتن جایگاه تفاوت‌‌ بین گروه‌‌ها از آزمون تحلیل کواریانس استفاده گردید. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که بین گروه تمرینات بینایی در مقایسه با گروه‌ کنترل در کاهش اختلال توجه_ بیش فعالی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (P≤0/05). با توجه به یافته‌‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان چنین نتیجه‌گیری کرد که می‌توان از تمرینات ادراک بینایی به‌مثابه روشی مفید در کاهش نشانه‌‌های اختلال نارسایی توجه - بیش فعالی استفاده و یا حداقل یکی از این روش‌‌ها و نیز ترکیب با دیگر روش‌‌های موجود در درمان این کودکان به کار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Visual Perception Exercises on Depth Perception in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder - Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza shadfar 1
  • Mahmoud Sheikh 2
  • mahbobeh ghayour 3

1 Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran

2 Professor in Motor Behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran

3 Assistant Professor in Movement Behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran

چکیده [English]

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders that has attracted the attention of psychologists and psychiatrists. The main features of this disorder include: inability to control motor behavior, learning deficits, aggression, academic problems, sedation,
and motor dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual perception training on depth perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method of quasi-experimental post-test with control group. For this purpose, 5 boy children referred to the clinic in the age range of 6 to 12 years were selected and available based on research objectives, Rats were randomly divided into two groups. The findings of this study showed that a period of visual perception training had a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of ADHD. The covariance analysis test was used to find the differences between the groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in comparison with the control group in reducing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P≤0/05). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that visual perception training can be a useful method in reducing symptoms of ADHD or at least one of these methods and in combination with other methods used in the treatment of ADHD children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Vision Exercise
  • Depth Perception
  1. Bussing R, Mason DM, Bell L, Porter PH, Garvan C. Adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample. Journal of    American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010; 49:565-605
  2. Pliszka, BorisBirmaherM.D.D. Practice parameter RFO the Assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894-921
  3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. 4th New York: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. pp. 312-25.
  4. Kieling C, Goncalves RR, Tan Nock R, Castel Lanos FX. Neurobiology of attention in deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am. 2008;17(2):285-307.
  5. Rowland AS, Lesesne CA, Abramowitz AJ. The epidemiology of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a public health view. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 2002;8(3):162-70.
  6. Lubar JF. Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. Biofeedback: a practitioner’s guide. 2003; 3:409-37.
  7. Hill RW, Castro E. Getting rid of Ritalin: how neurofeedback can successfully treat attention deficit disorder without drugs. Hampton Roads. 2002; 41:81-90.
  8. Archer T, Kostrzewa RM. Physical exercise alleviates ADHD symptoms: regional deficits and development trajectory. Neurotoxicity Rese. 2012;21(2):195-209.
  9. Barkley RA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2006.
  10. Young S, Myanthi AJ. Practitioner review: non‐pharmacological treatments for ADHD: a lifespan approach. J Child Psycho Psych. 2010;51(2):116-33.

 

  1. Esser G, Banaschewski T. Lehrbuch der klinischen psychologies und psychotherapies des Kindes-und Jugendalters. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2002.
  2. Galah D, Ozmon J. Understanding motor development in different life times. 6th Tehran: Science and Motion; 2011, pp. 396-411. (In Persian).
  3. Galahoo DL, Test JC. Understanding motor development in different life stages.
  4. Tabriz R, Movahedi AR, Farsi A, Fouladian F. (Persian translators). Tehran: Science and Motion Publications; 2006. pp. 105-99. (In Persian).
  5. Galah D, Ozmon J. Understanding motor development in different life times. 6th Tehran: Science and Motion; 2011. pp. 406-11. (In Persian).
  6. Sabaghi A, Heyrani A, Yousefi, B. The effect of perceptual-motor program on perceptual-visual benefit in children. Journal of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology. 2014; 12:881-90. (In Persian)
  7. Somayeh TalebiHamideh Azimi Lolaty , Arefeh Shafaat , Jamshid Yazdani Charati , Yadollah Jannati .The effect of mindfulness-based education on the psychological capital of parents of  inattentive / hyperactive children.J Mazandaran University Medical Science 2019;170:109-13.
  8. Park YJ, Kim EJ. Effects of therapeutic interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory 2019;17(1):43-53.
  9. Hyung-Chel Cho, Hyo-Lyun Ro,The effect of convergence vision therapy on symptoms and visual perception in children with ADHD tendencyJournal of the Korea Convergence Society Vol. 11. No. 7, 2020 pp. 59-71,
  10. Granet DB, Gomi CF, Ventura R, Miller-Scholte A. The relationship between convergence insufficiency and ADHD. Strabismus. 2005;13(4):163-8.
  11. Kim S, Chen S, Tannock R. Visual function and color vision in adults with Attention–Deficit/ Hyperactivity. Journal of Optometry. Volume 7, Issue 1, January–March 2014, Pages 22-36
  12. Lee SW, Lee HM. Effect of visual perception by vision therapy for improvement of visual function. Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society. 2015;20(4):491-9.
  13. Kim MB. Correlations between the reading accuracy, speed, and linguistic ability in elementary 3rd and 4th graders. Journal of the Korean at Analysis Society. 2017;19(2):957-70.

 

  1. Alfailkawi A. The effects of visual training on vision functions and shhoting performance level among young handball players. Science, Movement and Health. 2016;16(1):19-24.
  2. Szymanski J, J M1; Lowe, H E1; Szymanski, D J1; Cicciarella, C F1; Lowe, D W1; Gilliam et al. Effect of visual training on batting performance and pitch recognition of division softball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011;25: S49-S50.
  3. Ahmed Foad M, Taher Shosha N. Efficiency of the program visual training. Procedia and Behavioral Science, 2010;5:2082-8. (In Persian).
  4. Abdel Aziz, AA. The impact of training program of complex skills and vision drills on spicific visual abilities and quic and accurate motor performance in footbal juniors. Sport Sciences. 2010;3:764-50.
  5. Balasaheb TP, Maman J, Sandhu S. The impact of visual skill training on batting Performance in circketers. Serbian Journal Of Sport Science, 2008;2:17-23.
  6. Stine C, Arterburn M, Stern N. Vision and sport: a review of literature. Europe PMC, 1982;53(8):627-33.
  7. Leach ML. Trenhe effect of training on the pictorial depth perception of shona child. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1975;9(4): 42-654  
  8. Abernethy B, Wood J. Do generalized visual training programmes for sport really work? An experimental investigation. J Sport Sci. 2001;19(3):203-22.
  9. Williams A, Davids K, Williams JJ. Visual perception and practice in sport. 1st Tehran: The Origin of Advent; 1999. pp. 555-76.