نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشجو دکتری یادگیری حرکتی
2 گروه رفتارحرکتی دانشکده علوم ورزشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، گروه رفتار حرکتی
چکیده
تصویرسازی حرکتی عمل شناختی پیچیده‌ای است که در طول آن فرایند اجرای یک حرکت (از آماده‌سازی تا رسیدن به هدف) در ذهن بازنمایی می‌شود. در پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر دستورالعمل درونی در مقابل بیرونی نزدیک و دور کانونی کردن توجه در طول تصویرسازی حرکتی بر زمان پاسخ چهار مهارت خوب تمرین شده کاراته ارزیابی شد. در یک طرح نیمه تجربی، 43 نفر ورزشکار ماهر (24 زن و 19 مرد، میانگین سنی: 50/4±88/15 سال) پیش‌آزمون را در مقابل یک دستگاه محقق‌ساخته انجام دادند. محرک‌های غیرمنتظره‌ی بینایی به صورت تصادفی توسط دستگاه ارائه و زمان‌های پاسخ هر کدام از مهارت‌ها در یک نرم‌افزار متصل به آن ثبت شد. سپس، هر کدام از کاراته‌کاها در یکی از سه گروه تمرینیِ تصویرسازی توجه درونی (7 زن، 7 مرد)، توجه بیرونی نزدیک (6 زن، 5 مرد) و توجه بیرونی دور (6 زن، 5 مرد) در 12 جلسه و یک گروه کنترل (5 زن، 2 مرد) شرکت کردند. پس از اجرای پس‌آزمون مشابه با پیش‌آزمون، با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چند عاملی، نتایج مشخص کرد اثر جنسیت معنی‌دار نبوده و تنها تصویرسازی توجه بیرونی نزدیک برای فنون پایین‌تنه منجر به بهبود عملکرد شده بود (05/0>p). به‌هرحال، چنین اثری برای فنون بالاتنه مشاهده نشد و تأثیر نگه‌د-اشتن کانون توجه در طول تصویرسازی بر اندام‌های بدن (تصویرسازی توجه درونی) و بر پیامد دور حرکت (تصویرسازی توجه بیرونی دور) معنی‌دار نبود (05/0<p). پیشنهاد می‌شود مشابهت استراتژی توجهی بیرونی ورزشکار به تکلیف واقعی در طول مرور ذهنی نقش مهمی در اثربخشی تصویرسازی حرکتی دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of internal and close- or far-external attentional focus imagery on response time among skilled Karatekas
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Fathizadeh 1
- Mahdi Sohrabi 2
- Alireza Saberi Kakhki 3
1 Department of motor behavior, Faculty of sport sciences, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
2 Department of motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Department of motor behavior, Faculty of sport sciences, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
چکیده [English]
Motor imagery is a complex cognitive action that represents mentally the process of performing a movement (from preparation to the intention). In the current study, the effect of internal versus close- or far- external instruction of attention focusing during motor imagery on response time of four well-trained karate skills was evaluated. In a semi-experimental design, 43 skilled athletes (24 women, 19 men; mean age: 15.88 ± 4.50) executed the pre-test in front of a researcher-made device. Unexpected visual stimuli were presented randomly by the device, and response times of each skill were recorded by a software synced to the device. Then, each of the Karatekas participated in one of three training groups of imagining, namely, internal attention (7 women, 7 men), close-external attention (6 women, 5 men), far-external attention (6 women, 5 men) in 12 sessions, or in a control group (5 women, 2 men). After performing the post-test identical to pre-test, by carrying out a mixed-model analysis of covariance, the results revealed that there was no significant effect of gender, and only close-external imagery resulted in promoting lower body techniques (p<0.05). However, such an effect did not observe for upper body techniques, and effect of keeping focus of attention on body extremities (internal attentional imagery) and on far outcome of movement (far-external attentional imagery) were not significant (p>0.05). The findings suggest, during mental rehearsal, the analogy of athlete’s external attentional strategy to actual task plays an important role on effectiveness of motor imagery.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Focus of attention
- Motor imagery
- Skilled athlete
- Response time
- Karate
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