نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه پیام نور
2 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر عوامل کانون توجه بیرونی و خودمختاری به صورت جداگانه و ترکیبی بر یادگیری یک تکلیف حرکتی هدف گیری، بر اساس نظریه بهینه یادگیری حرکتی بود. تعداد 60 دانشجوی دختر به طور تصادفی در 4 گروه 15 نفری شامل خودمختاری-توجه بیرونی (حق انتخاب محل پرتاب و تمرکز به هدف)، توجه بیرونی (تمرکز به هدف)، خودمختاری (حق انتخاب محل پرتاب) و کنترل (بدون دستورالعمل توجهی) قرار گرفتند. تکلیف حرکتی در این تحقیق، پرتاب کنترلی سکه با دست برتر از فاصله 5 متری به هدف شامل ده دایره متحد المرکز ترسیم شده برروی زمین بود. شرکت کنندگان در یک طرح عاملی 2 * 2 (با و بدون کانون توجه بیرونی) * (با و بدون خودمختاری)، مرحله تمرین را در 60 کوشش تمرین کردند. آزمون های یادداری با تاخیر 2 ساعت و 24 ساعت اجرا شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد اثر اصلی توجه بیرونی (38/0P=)، و تعامل بین عوامل توجه بیرونی و خودمختاری (69/0P=) معنادار نمی باشد. اثر اصلی عامل خودمختاری معنادار می باشد (002/0P=). به طوریکه، دقت اجرای شرکت کنندگان گروه خودمختاری در مرحله یادداری بهتر از گروه بدون خودمختاری است. به طور کلی، یافته ها بیانگر آن است که عامل خودمختاری به صورت جداگانه و بدون ترکیب با کانون توجه بیرونی در یادگیری مهارت حرکتی هدفگیری تاثیر گذار می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of external focus attention and autonomy-support on learning of a motor targeting task
نویسندگان [English]
- mandana heydari 1
- Hasan Mohammadzadeh 2
- Malek Ahmadi 3
1 Peyame Noor University
2 Department of Motor Behaviour, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the separate and combined effects of the external focus of attention and autonomy support on learning a targeting task, according to OPTIMAL theory of motor learning.
Methodology: 60 female students were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 15 participants in each group including external focus - autonomy support (provided a choice about the place of throwing along with a focus on target); external focus (focus on target); autonomy support (provided a choice about the location of throwing); and a control (without attentional instruction). The research motor task was a controlling throw of a coin with a dominant hand on targets placed on the ground consisting of ten concentric circles. Participants in a 2 * 2 design, (focus externally: Yes/No) (autonomy-support: Yes/No) completed the acquisition phase consisting of 60 trials. Retention test using with 2 hours and 24 hours' delay, were performed.
Results: The analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of external focus (p=0.38) and the interaction effects of external focus and autonomy support (p=0.69) are not significant. The main effect of autonomy support is significant (p=0.002). Participants in autonomy support groups performed better than those without autonomy support in retention phase.
Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the autonomy support separately and without the combination of external focus affects the learning of a targeting motor skill.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Autonomy support
- External attention
- Optimal theory of motor learning
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