نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
2 دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران؛ مرکز تحقیقات سلامت جامعه، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)،
چکیده
هدف مطالعه، بررسی ویژگی‌های روانسنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس یادگیری، اجرا و توجه عملکردی (LEAF) در ورزشکاران است. نمونه آماری شامل 252 (152 زن، 100 مرد) ورزشکار ایرانی بالای 17 سال بود که به روش گلوله برفی توسط ارسال پرسشنامه آنلاین وارد پژوهش شدند. ابزار پژوهش شامل مقیاس یادگیری، اجرا و توجه عملکردی- بزرگسالان کاستلانوس و همکاران (2018) و پرسشنامه نقص عملکردی بزرگسالان بارکلی (2011) بود که جهت تعیین روایی هم‌زمان استفاده شد. جهت بررسی روایی سازه الگوی تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه دوم مقیاس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد به‌طور کلی الگو از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است، به‌طوریکه کلیه حیطه‌ها (درک و یادگیری مفهومی، حافظه واقعی، توجه، سرعت پردازش، سازماندهی بصری، پردازش متوالی، حافظه فعال، حل مسئله جدید، ریاضی، خواندن، بیان مکتوب) دارای بار عاملی یا همبستگی بالایی با ابعاد اصلی خود بود (p≤0.001). پایایی همسانی درونی با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ در همه ابعاد بالاتر از 7/0 و مطلوب به‌دست آمد. همبستگی بین نمرات ابعاد و حیطه‌های مقیاس بین 33/0 تا 89/0 بود و روایی همگرای مناسبی را نشان داد. نتایج تحلیل تمایزات جهت بررسی روایی تشخیصی نشان داد نمره چهار به‌عنوان نقطه برش پرسشنامه مناسب می‌باشد. تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره نشان داد که ورزشکارن بر اساس سطح رقابت در کارکردهای اجرایی دارای تفاوت هستند که با افزایش سطح رقابت، وضعیت این کارکردها در ورزشکاران بهبود می‌یابد. با توجه به این که پرسشنامه LEAF روایی و پایایی مطلوبی را برای ورزشکاران بزرگسال ایرانی نشان داد، لذا پیشنهاد می‌گردد از این مقیاس در پژوهش‌های آتی در حیطه ورزشی استفاده گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Psychometrics of the Persian version of the Learning, Executive and Attention Functional Scale (LEAF) in Athletes
نویسندگان [English]
- Reza Sadeghi 1
- Zohreh Meshkati 2
1 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Community Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of study was the psychometric of the Persian version of the Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning (LEAF) scale in athletes. The statistical sample consisted of 252 (female=152) Iranian athletes older than 17 years who were selected using the snowball sampling method via sending an online questionnaire. The research tools, including the LEAF scale for adults (Castellanos et al., 2018) and the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale (2011), were used to examine the concurrent validity. The second order confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was used to examine the construct validity of the model. The obtained results showed that, the model has a good fit such that all domains (i.e., comprehension of conceptual learning, factual memory, attention, processing speed, visual organization, sequential processing, working memory, solving a novel problem, mathematics, reading, written expression) showed a high factor loading or correlation with their main dimensions (p≤0.001). Using Cronbach's alpha, the internal consistency reliability was obtained to be over 0.7 and desirable. The correlation between the scores of dimensions and the scale domains was 0.33-0.89, indicating an appropriate validity. The results of the differences analysis to examine the diagnostic validity showed the score of 4 as the cutoff point. MANOVA showed that athletes are significantly different in executive functions based on the level of competition and these functions improve in athletes by increasing the competition level. As the LEAF has appropriate reliability and validity coefficient among adult Iranian athletes, it is suggested that this scale be used in the future sport researches.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Executive function
- Attention
- Validity
- Scale
- Athlete
- Barkley RA. Issues in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Brain and Development. 2003;25(2):77-83.
- Mioni G, Stablum F, McClintock SM, Cantagallo A. Time-based prospective memory in severe traumatic brain injury patients: The involvement of executive functions and time perception. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2012;18(4):697-705.
- Goldstein S, Naglieri JA. Handbook of executive functioning. Cham: Springer; 2014.
- Lin B, Liew J, Perez M. Measurement of self-regulation in early childhood: relations between laboratory and performance-based measures of effortful control and executive functioning. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 2019; 47:1-8.
- Castellanos I, Kronenberger WG, Pisoni DB. Questionnaire-based assessment of executive functioning: Psychometrics. Applied Neuropsychology: Child. 2018;7(2):93-109.
- Lohndorf RT, Vermeer HJ, Cárcamo RA, De la Harpe C, Mesman J. Preschoolers’ problem behavior, prosocial behavior, and language ability in a Latin-American context: the roles of child executive functions and socialization environments. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 2019;48:36-49.
- Ebrahim Najafabadi R, Badami R, Meshkati Z, Aghababaei S. A comparative study of executive functions indices among children with different types of specific learning disabilities: psychometric properties of BRIEF-2. Shenakht Journal of Psychology & Psychiatry. 2021;8(5):95-112. (In Persian).
- Rasouli Mohin Z, Hasani J, Qanepour A, Moradi A. Examining the executive functions and emotional impulsivity of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal. Scientific Journal of Roish Psychology. 2020;9(7):171-8. (In Persian).
- Pirresolzadeh M, Dehghanizadeh J. Predicting quality of life from physical performance and executive functions: a study of mentally retarded people. Bimonthly Scientific-Research Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021. 22037/JRM.2021.115972.2857 (In Persian).
- Neil R, Fletcher D, Hanton M, Mellalieu (Re) conceptualising competition stress in sport performers. Internationals Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2007;3(2):22-32.
- Hanton S, Fletcher D, Coughlan G. Stress in elite sport performers: a comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2005;23(10):1129-41.
- Mohammad Bagher A, Mohammadi Far MA, Amin Bidakhti AA, Izanlou, B. Determinants of success in professional chess players: the role of components of executive functions of the brain by investigating the mediation of resilience. Journal of Psychological Sciences. 202019(89):579-91. (In Persian).
- Naji M, Naji AA. The effectiveness of short term situational awareness training (SA) on emotional regulation and shooting performance. Sport Psychology Studies. 2019;7(26):167-78. (In Persian).
- Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Behavior rating inventory of executive function: BRIEF. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2000.
- Barkley RA. Barkley deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-children and adolescents (BDEFS-CA). New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
- Barkley RA. Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS). New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
- Ebrahimi AA, Kassani A, Menati R, Abedi A, Yarmohammadian A, Faramarzi S. The assessment of validity and reliability of behavior rating inventory of executive functions in iranian pre-school children. International Journal of School Health. 2015;2(4):18-24.
- Barkley RA. Executive functions: what they are, how they work, and why they evolved. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
- McAuley T, White DA. A latent variables examination of processing speed, response inhibition, and working memory during typical development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2011;108(3):453-68.
- Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Test review behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychology. 2000;6(3):235-8.
- Levy JD, Kronenberger WG, Dunn DW. Development of a very brief measure of ADHD: the CHAOS scale. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2017;21(7):575-86.
- Farzadi B, Shahni Yilaq N, Omidian M. Examining the psychometric properties of a new scale of measuring executive functions to detect disorders and delays in executive functions and learning: scale of executive functions, attention and learning performance. Journal of Psychological Sciences. 2021;19(96):1607-24.
)