نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
3 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثر حمایت خودمختاری بر یادگیری تکلیف پرتاب از بالای شانه دانشآموزان مقطع ابتدایی انجام شد. پژوهش از نوع نیمه تجربی با طرح پیشآزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود که طی آن 54 دانشآموز مقطع ابتدایی از یک مدرسه در شهرستان آستانه اشرفیه به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب و از آنان خواسته شد تا به‌صورت میدانی، تکلیف پرتاب با دست غیر برتر به سمت هدفی متشکل از چندین دایره روی دیوار را فراگیرند. این کودکان پس از پیشآزمون دریکی از ۳ گروه انتخاب مرتبط با تکلیف (کنترل زمان مشاهده فیلم آموزشی)، انتخاب غیر مرتبط با تکلیف (کنترل رنگ توپ) و گروه همتاشده قرار گرفتند. متعاقباً، شرکتکنندگان در مرحله اکتساب شرکت کردند (پنج بلوک ده کوششی) و یک روز پس‌ازآن در آزمونهای یادداری و انتقال نیز شرکت کردند. برای تحلیل دادهها از آزمونهای تحلیل واریانس یکراهه در پیشآزمون، یادداری و انتقال و همچنین از تحلیل واریانس مرکب در مرحله اکتساب استفاده شد. بررسی و تحلیل عملکرد این کودکان نشان داد که گروه دارای حق انتخاب مرتبط با تکلیف (019/0 =p) و گروه دارای حق انتخاب غیر مرتبط با تکلیف (002/0 =p) توانستند در مرحله یادداری اجرای بهتری در مقایسه با گروه همتاشده داشته باشند. بااین‌وجود، در مرحله انتقال تنها گروه انتخاب مرتبط با تکلیف توانست اجرای بهتری در مقایسه با گروه همتاشده داشته باشد. (017/0 =p). اینگونه به نظر میرسد که حداقل برای کودکان، انتخابهای مرتبط با تکلیف میتواند هر دو اثر مثبت اطلاعات محور و انگیزشمحور را داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of autonomy support on learning overhand throw in elementary school students
نویسندگان [English]
- Adele Ahmadinejad 1
- Ahdiyeh Yadolahzadeh 2
- saleh rafiee 3
1 MSc of Motor Behavior, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
3 faculty member of SSRC
چکیده [English]
This study was conducted to explore the effect of autonomy support on learning overhand throw in elementary school students. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-posttest design with a control group. Fifty-four girls from an elementary school in Astana Ashrafieh city were selected and asked to learn the task of throwing with the non-dominant hand towards a target consisting of several circles on the wall. After the pre-test, these children were placed in one of 3 groups: task-relevant choices, task-irrelevant choices, and yoked group. Subsequently, the participants were asked to participate in the acquisition phase (5 blocks of 10 trials) and one day after that they participated in the retention and transfer tests. Pre-test, retention and transfer scores were analyzed in separate one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). In the practice phase, scores were analyzed in a 3 (groups) x 5 (block) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on the last factor. The analysis showed that task-relevant (p= 0/019) and task-irrelevant (p= 0/002) choice groups were able to perform better in the retention test as compared to the yoked group. Nevertheless, in the transfer test, only the task-relevant choice group (p= 0/017) was able to perform better as compared to the yoked group. It seems that, at least for children, task-relevant choices can have both information- and motivation-based effectiveness.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- motor learning
- autonomy support
- task-related choices
- task-unrelated choices
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