نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

3 دانشیار دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی تهران

چکیده

هدف از­ پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر مشاهدۀ انواع اطلاعات مختلف به­هنگام یادگیری مشاهده­ای می­باشد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش را کلیۀ دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه شهید ­بهشتی در سال 90ـ1389 تشکیل دادند که از میان ­آن­ها، 24 نفر دانشجوی راست­دست بدون تجربۀ رسمی در تکالیف پرتابی به­صورت نمونۀ در­دسترس انتخاب شدند. شرکت­کنندگان بر­اساس فیلم­هایی که می­دیدند به­صورت تصادفی به سه گروه مختلف تقسیم شدند؛ گروه اول کل بدن را می­دید، گروه دوم دست پرتاب را مشاهده می­کرد و گروه سوم تنها مچ دست را می­دید. افراد 20 کوشش را به­عنوان اکتساب انجام دادند و 24 ساعت بعد از اکتساب، مجدداً پنج کوشش را به­عنوان یادداری انجام دادند. پس از این مرحله، یک مرحله به­عنوان بازاکتساب وجود داشت که در آن، تمام افراد فیلم کل بدن را مشاهده می­کردند. شایان­ذکر است که دقت حرکت، هماهنگی درون­عضوی و اختلاف حداکثر سرعت مچ افراد از الگو محاسبه شد. یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که گروه کل بدن، در دقت حرکت­ بهتر از دو گروه دیگر عمل کرده­اند، اما در یادگیری الگوی حرکت، ضعیف­تر از دو گروه دیگر بوده­اند. با­این­حال، بین دو گروه دست پرتاب و مچ دست تفاوتی دیده نمی­شود. ­بین گروه­ها در اختلاف حداکثر سرعت مچ دست نیز تفاوتی وجود ندارد. به­طور­­کلی، نتایج بیانگر این هستند که در برخی موارد، مشاهدۀ اطلاعات نسبی کل بدن برای یادگیری الگوی حرکت مفید نمی­باشد و نسبت به دیگر انواع اطلاعات (اطلاعات نسبی محدود­شده یا اطلاعات مطلق) منجر به یادگیری کمتری ­می­شود. همچنین، این احتمال وجود دارد که نشان­دادن اطلاعات نسبی کل بدن باعث شود مشاهده­کننده از الگوی حرکت صرف­نظر نماید. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Observing Different Kinds of Information during Observational Learning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davoud Fazeli 1
  • Alireza Farsi 2
  • Behrooz Abdoli 3

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of observing different kinds of information during observational learning. The population of this research were all male student in Shahid Beheshti University (2010- 2011) that 24 right handed of them were selected as available sample that had no formal experience in the throwing tasks. This study was quasi-experimental and participants were divided randomly into three groups according to the films they observed. The first group observed the full body, the second group observed the throwing arm, and the third group just observed the wrist of the hand. Participant completed 20 trials as acquisition and 24 hours after that were recruited to laboratory again and completed 5 trials as retention. After this period there was a period as re-acquisition that all participants observed the full body information. Movement accuracy, intra- limb coordination and the difference of maximum speed of wrist from the model was calculated. The results of this study showed that the Full body group was better than two other groups in movement accuracy but in learning of movement pattern it was weaker than two other groups. However, there was not a difference between throwing arm group and wrist group. Also, there was not a significant difference between groups in maximum speed difference. Generally, the results showed that in some situation observing the relative information of full body is not useful, and even in relation to other kinds of information (restricted relative information or absolute information) will result in a fewer learning. It may be showing the relative information of full body results in that observer ignores the movement pattern. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Point Light Displays
  • Intra-Limb Coordination
  • Relative Information
  • Restricted Relative Information
  • Absolute Information‌
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