نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 کارشناسی ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
3 دانشیارگروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین اثر دستورالعملهای کانون توجه بیرونی بر یادگیری تکلیف پیگردی تحت شرایط تکلیف ثانویه بود. بدینمنظور، 42 نفر از دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه کرمان (با دامنۀ سنی 25ـ19 سال) پس از شرکت در پیشآزمون و بهصورت تصادفی در سه گروه جای گرفتند (کنترل، دستورالعملهای کانون توجه بیرونی نزدیک و دستورالعملهای کانون توجه بیرونی دور). شرکتکنندگان تکلیف پیگردی را در چهار بلوک چهار کوششی تمرین کردند و پس از گذشت 48 ساعت، در آزمون یادداری تأخیری تحت شرایط تکلیف ثانویه شرکت نمودند. قابلذکر است که بهمنظور سنجش تکلیف پیگردی از تست هماهنگی دو دست دستگاه وینا استفاده شد و میانگین زمان کل در این تکلیف بهعنوان متغیر وابسته محاسبه گردید. همچنین، گروه تمرکز بیرونی نزدیک، دستورالعملهایی را در ارتباط با حرکات دسته ها دریافت کرد و به گروه تمرکز بیرونی دور، دستورالعملهایی درمورد حرکات نقطه قرمز رنگ در قسمتهای مختلف مسیر ارائه شد. شایانذکر است که گروه کنترل هیچ دستورالعملی را دریافت نکرد. علاوهبراین، از آزمون تحلیل واریانس عاملی مرکب و آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه جهت تعیین معناداری در مراحل اکتساب و یادداری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که تفاوت معناداری میان بلوکهای مختلف تمرینی در مرحلۀ یادگیری (P=0.0001) و میان گروههای مختلف در مرحلۀ یادداری (P=0.0001) وجود دارد. این نتایج حاکی از این است که افزایش فاصله در یک تمرکز توجهی بیرونی، یادگیری تکلیف پیگردی را بهویژه تحت شرایط تکلیف ثانویه بهبود میبخشد؛ زیرا، شرایط تکلیف ثانویه میتواند منابع توجهی را افزایش دهد و باعث تغییر توجه به بیرون شود.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of External Attentional Focus Instructions on Learning Tracking Task under Auditory Secondary Task Condition
نویسندگان [English]
- Mahshid Zarezade 1
- Omid Ansari 2
- Alireza Saberi kakhaki 3
1 Assistant Professor, Shahid bahonar univercity of kerman
2 M.Sc. Shahid Bahonar Univercity of kerman
3 Associate Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of external attentional focus instructions on learning tracking task under dual-task condition. Forty-two students of Kerman University (aged 19–25) were randomly devided into three groups (the distal external group, proximal external group and control group) after participating in the pre-test. Then, the participants practiced the tracking task in four blocks of four attempt. After 48 hours, they participated in delay retention test under dual-task condition (auditory). In order to measure the performance in tracking task, we used tow-hand coordination test of Vienna set, and the mean total duration in this task was calculated as related variable. Proximal external focus group received instructions about joysticks movements. Distal external focus group received instructions about red dot movement in different parts of track. Control group didn’t receive any instructions. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used in order to specify the difference in acquisition and retention phases. Result showed significant difference between different training blocks in acquisition phase (P = 0.0001) and between attentional groups in retention stage of the test (P = 0.0001). These findings express that increasing the distance of an external focus of attention improves tracking task learning, especially under secondary task; because secondary task condition will enhance attention resources and shift attentional focus to external resource.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Attentional Focus Instructions
- Retention Test
- Tracking Task
- Secondary Task Condition
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