نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

2 استاد روان‌شناسی ورزشی- فیزیولوژی روانی، دانشگاه جامع امام‌حسین (ع)

3 استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تعامل فرد (مؤلفة استحکام ذهنی)، محیط (فضای رقابتی) و تکلیف (دو مهارت ساده و پیچیدۀ ورزشی) در یادگیری حرکتی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش 104 نفر از دانشجویان پسر مقطع کارشناسی بودند که بر‌اساس نمرات پرسش‌نامۀ استحکام ذهنی 48 در دو گروه استحکام ذهنی بالا و پایین قرار گرفتند. سپس، بر‌اساس امتیازات پیش‌آزمون در مهارت‌های پاس و شوت جفت بسکتبال در هشت زیر گروه 13 نفره هم‌سان‌سازی شدند که چهار گروه در شرایط رقابتی و چهار گروه در شرایط غیررقابتی به تمرین مهارت‌های ملاک پرداختند. شرکت‌کنندگان تمامی گروه‌ها به‌مدت 15 جلسۀ یک روز در میان مهارت مربوط به گروه خود را همراه با دریافت آموزش کلامی تمرین نمودند. آزمون یادداری یک هفته پس از آخرین جلسۀ تمرین اجرا گردید. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس برای اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر و تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که گروه‌های دارای استحکام ذهنی بالا در شرایط رقابتی و غیررقابتی نسبت به گروه‌های دارای استحکام ذهنی پایین، اکتساب و یادداری بهتری داشته‌اند. همچنین، مقایسۀ گروه‌ها در شرایط رقابتی و غیررقابتی بیانگر آن است که تفاوت معناداری در مهارت پاس مشاهده نمی‌شود؛ اما در اکتساب و یادداری شوت جفت بسکتبال، گروهی که در فضای رقابتی تمرین کرده بودند به‌طور معناداری عملکرد بهتری داشته‌اند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر دیدگاه تعاملی در رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزش را تأیید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction Between Individual, Environment and Task in Motor Learning: The Effects of Competitive Atmosphere and Mental Toughness in Learning Two Simple and Complex Sport Skills

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalil Moradi 1
  • Seyed Mohamad Kazem Vaez Moosavi 2
  • Ali Mohammad Amirtash 3

1 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Arak University, Arak, Iran

2 Professor of Sport Psychology, University of Imam Hossein, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Sport Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The goal of the present study was to investigate the interaction between individual (mental toughness), environment (competitive atmosphere) and task (two simple and complex sport skills) in motor learning. Subjects included 104 undergraduate students whom were divided into two groups with high and low mental toughness based on mental toughness Questionnaire 48. Than the subjects were divided into eight matched groups following pretest (n1=n2=…=n8=13). The four groups in competitive atmosphere and the four groups in noncompetitive atmosphere performed basketball skills. At the determined and given competitive condition, the groups performed the task for 15 sessions every alternate day. Verbal feedback was provided to participants in acquisition sessions. One week after acquisition training, the retention test were taken. For analyzing data, one way and repeated measure ANOVA were used (P<0.05). The results showed that the groups with high mental toughness in competitive and non-competitive conditions relative to groups with low mental toughness were significantly better acquisition and retention. Also, Comparison of competitive and non-competitive groups showed that there was no significant difference in the acquisition and retention of basketball passing skill, but in basketball shooting skill, the group who had been trained in the competitive space had a significantly better performance. Our results confirm the Interactional approach in motor behavior and sport psychology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mental toughness
  • Competitive Atmosphere
  • Non-Competitive Atmosphere
  • Basketball Skills
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