تأثیر آرایش مکانی تمرین (انفرادی، زوجی و گروهی) بر اکتساب و یادداری مهارت‌ طناب‌زنی‌ کودکان دبستانی

سیاووشی, الهه; زارعیان, احسان; دانشفر, افخم

doi:10.22089/mbj.2017.2295.1263

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناسی ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی‌

² استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

³ دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه الزهرا‌

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2017.2295.1263

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ اثر تمرینات انفرادی، زوجی و گروهی بر اکتساب و یادداری مهارت طناب‌زنی دانش‌آموزان مقطع چهارم ابتدایی بود. نمونۀ آماری پژوهش را 180 دختر و پسر (با دامنۀ سنی 65/0±10 سال) تشکیل دادند که به‌صورت تصادفی خوشه‌ای از بین دانش‌آموزان مقطع چهارم ابتدایی شهرستان نهاوند انتخاب گردیده و برحسب مقادیر نمرات پیش‌آزمون در سه گروه انفردی، زوجی و گروهی گزینش شدند و در مدارس جداگانه تحت آموزش طناب‌زنی بر‌اساس شیوه‌نامۀ طرح ملی طناورز (سال 1390) قرار گرفتند. مرحلۀ اکتساب شامل 12 جلسه تمرین تحت‌نظر مربی بود که عملکرد افراد در جلسات چهار، هشت و 12 ثبت شده و آزمون یادداری با شش روز تأخیر به‌عمل آمد. تحلیل داده‌های مرحلۀ اکتساب با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس مرکب (سه آرایش مکانی‌ * ‌سه دفعات اندازه‌گیری * دو جنسیت) نشان داد که آرایش مکانی بر اجرای مهارت طناب‌زنی تأثیر دارد (P=0.001) و عملکرد در آرایش مکانی زوجی و گروهی بهتر است؛‌ اما اثر جنسیت معنادار نمی‌باشد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه (دو جنسیت * سه آرایش مکانی) در مرحلۀ یادداری نیز نشان‌دهندۀ برتری آرایش مکانی زوجی و گروهی نسبت به انفرادی (P=0.001)‌ و عدم تفاوت بین آرایش زوجی و گروهی می‌باشد. لازم‌به‌ذکر است که اثر جنسیت ‌معنادار نمی‌باشد. بر‌اساس نتایج و دشواری مهارت طناب‌زنی بهتر است که در آموزش این مهارت از تمرینات انفرادی استفاده نشود و از مزایای تمرین دو‌نفره و گروهی مانند یادگیری مشاهده‌ای، فعال‌سازی نرون‌های آینه‌ای و غیره بهره‌برداری گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

یادگیری حرکتی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Exercise Positional Arrangement (Individual, Dyad, Group) on Acquisition and Retention of Rope-Jumping Skills in School Children

نویسندگان [English]

Elahe Siavashi ¹
Ehsan Zareian ²
Afkham Daneshfar ³

¹ MSc. of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabataba’i University

² Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabataba’i University

³ Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Alzahra University

چکیده [English]

The present study sought to investigate individual, dyad and group exercising for learning a select few of rope jumping skills in fourth-grade students at primary school. A sample of 180 subjects in 10±0.65 age range was selected clustered randomly from research population which embraced the entire population of fourth-grade students at primary schools in Nahavand. Subjects without any previous experience in rope jumping in different schools were selected through individual, dyad and group exercising and were trained according to the national rope jumping scheme. The participants were trained during twelve sessions and their performance progress in the acquisition and retention stage (1 week later) was recorded. MANOVA with repeated measurement in the acquisition phase (3 PA*4 measurement * 2 sex) revealed that PA effect on performance was significant (P=0.001), dyad Vs group PA was better than individual; but, the sex effect wasn’t significant. Two-way ANOVA in retention test was also revealed that learning in dyad and group PA was better than individual (P=0.001), and no differences between dyad and group PA. Also, sex effect wasn’t significant. Based on the results and complexity of skills rope jumping, it deserves to don’t use of individual PA in learning of this skill and exploit of exercise in dyad PA such as observational learning, activation of mirror neurons, ….

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Positional Arrangement
Acquisition
Retention
Rope Jumping

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تأثیر آرایش مکانی تمرین (انفرادی، زوجی و گروهی) بر اکتساب و یادداری مهارت‌ طناب‌زنی‌ کودکان دبستانی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 9، شماره 27 - شماره پیاپی 27خرداد 1396صفحه 153-166

دوره 9، شماره 27 - شماره پیاپی 27
خرداد 1396
صفحه 153-166