رفتار حرکتی

تأثیر تحریک مستقیم جمجمه‌ای و تمرینات منتخب حرکتی بر مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت در کودکان با اختلال طیف اتیسم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشد حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

2 استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه اصفهان

3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر تحریک مستقیم جمجمه‌ای (tDCS) بر قشر حرکتی اولیه و تمرینات منتخب حرکتی بر مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت (هدف‌گیری و گرفتن) در کودکان با اختلال طیف اتیسم بود. روش پژوهش، شبه‌آزمایشی بود و از طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه شم استفاده شد. تعداد 18 کودک شش تا 14 سال با اختلال طیف اتیسم با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و با توجه به معیارهای ورود به پژوهش انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و شم قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی‌ها به‌مدت 10 جلسه (سه جلسه در هفته)، تحت tDCS آندی به‌مدت 20 دقیقه بر قشر حرکتی اولیه (M1 ) قرار گرفتند. نُه آزمودنی تمرینات حرکتی را بعد از تحریک مغزی با هدف بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت انجام دادند. نُه آزمودنی دیگر در جلسات تمرینات حرکتی به‌طور مشابهی شرکت کردند؛ با این تفاوت که تحریک مغزی ساختگی اعمال می‌شد (گروه شم). آزمون هدف‌گیری و گرفتن از مجموعة آزمون‌های ارزیابی حرکت برای کودکان (MABC2) قبل از مداخله و پس از 10 جلسه (بعد از مداخله) ارزیابی شدند.برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مختلط دوعاملی آزمون تی همبسته استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تحریک مستقیم جمجمه‌ای روی قشر حرکتی اولیه به‌همراه تمرینات حرکتی تأثیر معناداری بر بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت در کودکان بـا اختلال طیف اتیسم دارد (P ≤ 0.05)؛ درحالی‌که تمرینات حرکتی بدون تحریک مستقیم جمجمه‌ای منجر به بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت در کودکان بـا اختلال طیف اتیسم نمی‌شوند. یافته‌هـا بیانگر این موضوع است که تحریک مستقیم جمجمه‌ای می‌تواند مکمل سودمندی برای تمرینات حرکتی با هدف بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی در کودکان با اختلال اتیسم باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Selective Motor Training on Gross Motor Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

نویسندگان English

  • Elham Mahmoodifar 1
  • Ahmadreza Movahedi 2
  • Elahe Arabameri 3
  • Salar Faramarzi 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Motor Development, Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
2 Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan
3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tehran
4 Associate Professor of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan
چکیده English

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and selective motor training on gross motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The method of research is experimental in which a pretest – posttest semi-experimental design with sham group was used. In so doing, a total of eighteen children with autism (age ranged from 6 to14 years) were selected according to available sampling and inclusion criteria and then were randomly divided to experimental and sham group. Participants of the exercise group practiced motor training after receiving tDCS over their primary motor cortex to improve gross motor skills. These participants received anodal tDCS over the left M1 for 20 min for ten sessions (three sessions per week) before the training session. The participants of the sham group underwent identical training sessions, except that tDCS was artificially applied for them. Gross motor skills (aiming and catching) were assessed at baseline (pre-intervention) and after 10 sessions (post- intervention). For analyzing data, two factor Mixed model ANOVA Paired t-test was used. Results showed that the combination of anodal tDCS and motor training have significant effects on improving gross motor skills in children with ASD while mere motor training failed to show improvement in gross motor skill of children with ASD. Our findings suggest that tDCS may be considered as a useful adjunct to gross motor skill training for autistic children.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
  • Motor skill Training
  • Gross Motor Skills
  • Autism Spectrum Disorders
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 10، شماره 32
تابستان 1397
مرداد 1397
صفحه 79-96

  • تاریخ دریافت 31 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 آبان 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش 13 آذر 1396

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