نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 استاد روانشناسی ورزشی- فیزیولوژی روانی، دانشگاه امام حسین
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش مقایسة اثربخشی دو نوع الگودهی ماهر و درحال‌یادگیری بر اکتساب ویژگی‌های دینامیکی الگوی هماهنگی و دقت مهارت پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال بود. شرکت‌کننده‌ها (n=40)پس از اجرای پیشآزمونبهطور تصادفی در یکی از گروههای کنترل، الگوی ماهر، الگوی درحال‌یادگیری و تمرین بدنی قرار گرفتند و به‌مدت چهار هفته و هر هفته سه جلسة 50 کوششی به تمرین پرداختند. 24 ساعت پس از پایان دورة تمرین، آزمون یادداری به عمل آمد. حرکات به‌وسیلة دوربینهای آنالیز حرکتی ثبت و تحلیل شدند. نمرات زاویة آرنج اجرای هر شرکت‌کننده با الگوی ماهر مقایسه شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی مرکب 4 (گروه) × 5 (جلسات تمرین) میانگین نمرات Z فیشر حاصل از همبستگی عملکرد زاویة آرنج افراد در هر گروه با مدل نشان داد که همة گروهها به‌جز گروه کنترل طی روزهای تمرین بهبود معناداری در عملکرد داشته‌اند. بین گروههای الگوی ماهر و درحال‌یادگیری در مراحل اکتساب تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت؛ اما در آزمون یادداری، گروه الگوی درحال‌یادگیری بهتر عمل کرد. بررسی نمرات دقت نشان داد که بین دو گروه الگودهی در هیچ‌یک از مراحل اکتساب و آزمون یادداری تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت (P=0.07)؛ بنابراین با توجه به یافتههای این پژوهش می‌توان گفت هر دو روش الگودهی برای یادگیری مؤثرند و ویژگی‌های دینامیکی نسبت به نمرات دقت، معرف بهتری از اثربخشی یادگیری مشاهده‌ای هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Skilled and Learning Model on Accuracy and Dynamic Characteristics Acquisition of Basketball Free Throw Skill
نویسندگان [English]
- Zahra Entezari Khorasani 1
- Alireza Farsi 2
- Seyed Mohamad Kazem Vaez Mmousavi 3
- Behroz Abdoli 2
1 Ph.D of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Professor of Sport Psychology, University of Imam Hossein
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was comparing the effectiveness of two types of skilled and learning modeling on dynamic characteristics acquisition of basketball free throw. After pre-test, participants (n=40) were randomly assigned into four skilled modelling and learning modelling, physical and control groups, and practiced three sessions per week for four weeks; each session consisted of 50 trials. A retention test was performed one day after the training period. Movements were analyzed by motion analysis cameras. Elbow angle scores of each participant, were compared with a skilled pattern. Mixed Factor analysis 4 (group) × 5 (sessions) of Fisher Z scores mean of the correlation function of the angle of elbow in each group with model, showed that all groups except the control group had significant improvement in performance in acquisition tests. There was no significant difference between skilled and learning groups in acquisition phases, but learning group performed better in retention test. Investigation of accuracy scores showed that there was no significant difference between two modeling groups in both the acquisitionphases and retention test (P=0.07). Thus, according to the findings of this study can be said that both modeling methods were effective for learning and dynamic characteristics compared to the accuracy scores, is a better indicator of the effectiveness of observational learning.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Observational Learning
- Movement Kinematic
- Modeling Type
- Movement Coordination
- Movement Outcome
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