نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران
2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مقایسة تأثیر روشهای تمرین کمخطا، پرخطا و مقیاس‌بندی تجهیزات بر یادگیری مهارت پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال در کودکان بود. بدین‌منظور 50 دانشآموز پسر ده ـ دوازده ساله که سابقة فعالیت ورزشی داشتند، به‌صورت نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به شکل تصادفی به پنج گروه ده‌نفره (تمرین با تجهیزات مقیاسبندیشده از فاصلة ثابت، تمرین با تجهیزات استاندارد [مقیاسبندینشده] از فاصلة ثابت، تمرین کمخطا با تجهیزات مقیاسبندیشده، تمرین کم خطا با تجهیزات استاندارد و تمرین پرخطا با تجهیزات مقیاسبندیشده) تقسیم شدند. مرحلة اکتساب پنج جلسه بود و در هر جلسه 50 کوشش اجرا شد. آزمون ها شامل آزمون انتقال و یادداری بودند. آزمون انتقال با 10 پرتاب از فاصلة سه‌ونیم‌متری از حلقه‌ای با ارتفاع 8/2 متر با توپ شش، در آخرین روز اکتساب و 10 دقیقه پس از آخرین کوشش اجرا شد. آزمون یادداری نیز به‌صورت طرح انتقال دوگانه با 10 پرتاب از فاصلة سه‌ونیم‌متری از حلقه با توپ سایز پنج و هفت به‌ترتیب با ارتفاع حلقة 60/2 و 05/3 متری، 24 ساعت بعد از آخرین جلسة اکتساب برگزار شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های تی همبسته، تحلیل واریانس یکسویه و مرکب در سطح معناداری 05/0 تحلیل شدند. مقایسة متغیر دقت گروه ها در آزمون یادداری و انتقال نشان داد که بین گروه ها تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد (P˃0.05). با‌وجوداین، الگوی پرتاب گروههای تمرین با تجهیزات مقیاس‌بندی شده بهتر از گروه تمرین با تجهیزات استاندارد بود (P<0.05). به‌طورکلی بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، تمرین با استفاده از تجهیزات مقیاسبندیشده باعث شکلگیری بهتر الگوی حرکت در کودکان میشود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Errorless, Error Full Practice and Scaling Equipment Methods on Learning of Basketball Free Throw Skill in Children
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohamad Sohbatiha 1
- Ali Akbar Jaberimoqadam 2
- Mehdi Shahbazi 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Motor Learning, University of Tehran
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tehran
3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of errorless, error full and scaling equipment practice methods on learning of basketball free throw skill in children. 50 Boy students, 10–12 years old With a history of exercise three times a week selected and randomly divided into five groups of 10 people (Training with scaling equipment from a constant distance, Training with standard equipment from a constant distance, errorless- scaling equipment, errorless- standard equipment and error full- scaling equipment). Acquisition phase includes 5 sessions and each session was conducted 50 trials. Tests, included transfer and retention tests. Transfer test (10 throw from a distance of 3.5 meters with ball size 6 and the ring height 2.80 m) performed 10 minutes after the last trial on the last day of acquisition phase. The retention test were completed as a double transfer design with 10 throw from a distance of 3.5 meters with balls 5 and 7, with a ring height of 2.60 and 3.05 meters respectively, 24 h after the last session of Acquisition. Data was analyzed with dependent T-test, ANOVA and mixed ANOVA (at the significant level P=0.05). According to the accuracy variable, significant differences were not found between the 5 groups in retention and transfer tests. However throw pattern in groups practice with scaling equipment compared with no scaling equipment groups was better. In general, according the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of scaling equipment training method leads to better learning of movement pattern in children.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Scaling Equipment
- Errorless Practice
- Basketball Free Throw
- Children
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