رفتار حرکتی

اثر کانون توجه درونی و بیرونی بر نوسان در تکالیف قامتی و فراقامتی در سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، پردیس بین‌المللی کیش دانشگاه تهران، جزیرة کیش، ایران

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده
مطالعات قبلی نشان داده‌اند که کنترل قامتی می‌تواند با هدایت توجه اجراکننده به آثار حرکات خود (تمرکز خارجی) به‌جای حرکات بدن که ایجادکنندة این آثار هستند (تمرکز داخلی)، بهبود یابد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارزیابی تأثیر تمرین تعادلی و تمرکز توجه اتخاذشده در تکالیف قامتی و فراقامتی بر کنترل قامتی بود. تعداد 20 مرد مسن (77/5 ± 27/59 سال) به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و در یک طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون یک‌گروهی شرکت کردند. پروتکل تمرین تعادلی شامل 16 جلسة 30 دقیقه‌ای انجام آزمون رومبرگ تعدیل‌شده بود. مؤلفه‌های مرکز فشار، جابه‌جایی مرکزی- پیرامونی و قدامی- خلفی تعادل شرکت‌کنندگان، در دو تکلیف قامتی و فراقامتی در دو شرایط تمرکز توجه درونی و بیرونیدر مراحل پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با استفاده از سیستم پایداری بایودکس (BSS) سنجیده شدند. تکلیف قامتی شامل ایستادن روی دستگاه بایودکس در حالت عادی و تکلیف فراقامتی شامل نگهداری ظرفی پر از آب و ایستادن روی دستگاه بایودکس بود. توجه نیز با متمرکزکردن توجه شرکت‌کنندگان به نقطه‌ای خارج از بدن و توجه به کاهش نوسان‌های بدن درحین انجام تکالیف، دست‌کاری شد. در بخش آمار استنباطی از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌های تکراری و آزمون پیگردی بونفرونی برای بررسی جایگاه تفاوت‌ها در سطح معناداری 0.05> P، ازطریق نرم‌افزار اس.پی.اس.اس. نسخة 22 استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر مثبت تمرین تعادلی بر تمامی مؤلفه‌های کنترل قامتی را نشان داد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که تمرکز توجه بیرونی نسبت به تمرکز توجه درونی به کاهش نوسان‌های قامتی در هر سه مؤلفة کنترل قامت منجر می‌شود. این مطالعه نشان داد که به‌کارگیری فرایندهای کنترل خودکار می‌تواند به‌سادگی با هدایت توجه اجراکنندگان به دور از حرکات بدن خود تسهیلشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effects of Balance Training and Focus of Attention on Sway in Postural and Supra-Postural Tasks in the Elderly Population

نویسندگان English

  • Tayebeh Baniasadi 1
  • Mahdi Namazi Zadeh 2
  • Mahmoud Sheikh 3
1 Ph.D. Student at Tehran University, Kish International Campus, Kish Island, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Previous studies have shown that postural stability can be enhanced by directing performers’ attention to the effects of their movements (external focus), rather than to the body movements producing the effect (internal focus). We examined whether the balance training and the attentional focus adopted on postural and supra-postural tasks have to influence postural control. Twenty elderly men (59.27 ± 5.77 years) selected randomly and participated in a single group pretest-posttest protocol. Balance training protocol consisted of 16 sessions of manipulated Romberg test for 30 min. Pretest and posttest components of the center of pressure, central-peripheral, and anterior-posterior displacement of participants’ balance were assessed by the Biodex Stability System (BSS) in postural and supra-postural tasks and also in 2 conditions of internal and external focus. The postural task included standing on the BSS in normal condition and the supra-postural task was standing on the BSS by holding a glass full of water. The attention manipulated by a focus on a point outside the body, and focus on decreasing the sway of the body during performing the tasks. Repeated measures of ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test used at a p-value less than 0.05 and using by SPSS software (v. 22®). The present results showed the positive effects of balance training on all the components of postural control. Also, the findings indicated that external focus of attention in comparison with internal focus leads to a decrease in postural sway in all three components of postural control. This study suggests that the application of automatic control processes can be facilitated by simply directing performers’ attention away from their own body movements.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Focus of Attention
  • Posture
  • Supra-Postural Task
  • Automatic Control
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 11، شماره 36
تابستان 1398
تیر 1398
صفحه 89-104

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 دی 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 شهریور 1397

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