نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکترای دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در این پژوهش رابطۀ خودتنظیم‌گری و تکانشوری با موفقیت ورزشی مورد‌‌بررسی قرار گرفت و نقش پیش‌بین این دو متغیر برای موفقیت ورزشی در ورزش‌های برخوردی و غیر‌برخوردی مقایسه شد. تعداد 223 ورزشکار حرفه‌ای (102 برخوردی و 121 غیر برخوردی) از فدراسیون‌های ورزشی به‌صورت داوطلب در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. از ورزشکاران خواسته شد مقیاس خودتنظیم‌گری (SRI-25)، مقیاس تکانشوری بارات (BIS) و مقیاس موفقیت ورزشی (SAS) را تکمیل کنند. ضرایب رگرسیون در این پژوهش برای ورزشکاران برخوردی در‌خصوص موفقیت ورزشی در خودتنظیم‌گری 0.39=ß،4.69 =t،در تکانشوری حرکتی 0.49=ß، 4.79=t و در تکانشوری شناختی 0.22=ß‌،2.26 = tتعیین شد. این ضرایب برای ورزشکاران غیر‌برخوردی در خودتنظیم‌گری 0.73=‌ß،11.72 =t و در تکانشوری حرکتی 0.20-=‌ß، 2.32-=t به‌دست آمد. با استناد به یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که در ورزشکاران رشته‌های برخوردی، تکانشوری و در ورزشکاران رشته‌های غیربرخوردی، خودتنظیم‌گری، یکی از تبیین‌کننده‌های موفقیت ورزشی است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Predictive role of self-regulation and impulsivity in sport achievement: A comparison between contact and noncontact sports

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Besharat 1
  • Mohammas Hosein Ghahremani 2
  • Behnam Naghipoor Givi 3

1

2

3

چکیده [English]

This study investigated the association of self-regulation and impulsivity with sport achievement. Predictive role of self-regulation and impulsivity in sport achievement was compared between contact and noncontact sports. A total of 223 volunteer athletes (102 contact, 121 noncontact) from different Iranian sport federations of wrestling, taekwondo, basketball, football, volleyball, track and field, swimming, gymnastics, and weight lifting participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI-25), The Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the Sport Achievement Scale (SAS). It was found that in contact sports group measures of both self-regulation (t=4.69, ß=0.39) and motor impulsivity (t=4.79, ß=0.49), cognitional impulsivity (t=2.26, ß=0.22) were positively correlated to sport achievement, while in noncontact sports group, the correlation to sport achievement was positive for self-regulation (t=11.72, ß=0.73) and negative for motor impulsivity (t=-2.32, ß=0.20). On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that Impulsivity and self-regulation were the one of the explaining factors for sport achievement in contact and noncontact sports, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self-regulation
  • Impulsivity
  • Sport achievement
  • Contact sport
  • Noncontact sport
1) انشل مارک. روان‌شناسی ورزش از تئوری تا عمل. مترجم: مسدد علی‌اصغر. تهران: انتشارات اطلاعات؛ 2002.     ص 3-120.
2) Daniel S, Kirschenbaum P K. When self-regulation fails: Tests of some preliminary hypotheses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1977; 45: 1116-25.
3) Steel P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin. 2007; 33: 65-94.
4) Schmeichel B J, Zell A. Trait self-control predicts performance on behavioral tests of self-control. Journal of Personality.2007; 75: 743-55.
5) Brown J M, Miller W R, Lawendowski L A. The self-regulation questionnaire. In VandeCreek L. & Jackson T L. (Eds.). Innovations in clinical practice: A source book. Sarasota F L: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange‌; 1999; 7: 53-75.
6) Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman;1997; 43-55.
7) Hagger M, Wood C W, Stiff C, Chatzisarantis N L. Self-regulation and self-control in exercise: The strength-energy model. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2010;1:62-86.
8) Toering T T, Elferink Gemser M T, Jordet G, Visscher C. Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2009; 27: 1509-17.
9) Hyejeen L, Shackman A J, Jackson D C, Davidson R J. Test-retest reliability of voluntary emotion regulation. Psychophysiology. 2009; 46: 874-9.
10) Barkhoff H, Pagano I, Heiby E. Self-regulation skills of a competitor type vs. A training champion athlete in artistic roller skating: Longitudinal analyses of mood in highlight sport competitions. Journal of the American Board of Sport Psychology.2007; 1: 1-14.
11) Jude B, Linda D. Automaticity of exercise self-regulatory efficacy beliefs in adults with high and low experience in exercise self-regulation. Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2011; 33: 325-48.
12) Bargh J. The automaticity of everyday life. In J.R.S. 1997; 874-9.
13) Tetlock P. Social functionalist frameworks for judgments and choice: Intuitive politicians,theologians, and prosecutors. Psychological Review. 2002; 109: 451-71.
14) Fitzsimons G, Bargh J. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford Press; 2004; 46: 87-94.
15) Fishbach A, Trope Y. Implicit and explicit counteractive self-control. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. 874-9.
16) Guilherme M, Lage L, Gallo G J, Cassiano I L, Lobo M V, Vieira J V, et al. Correlations between impulsivity and technical performance in handball female athletes. Psychology. 2011; 2: 721-6.
17) Swann A C, Moeller F G, Steinberg J L, Schneider L, Barratt E S. Manic symptoms and impulsivity during bipolar depressive episodes. Bipolar Disorders. 2007; 9: 206-12.
18) Moeller F G, Barratt E S, Dougherty D M, Schmitz J M, Swann A C. Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry. 200; 158: 1783-93.
19) Barratt E S. Impulsivity: Integrating cognitive, behavioral, biological, and environmental data (Eds.). The impulsive client: Theory, research and treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association; 1994; 4: 39-45.
20) Stanford M S, Mathias C W, Dougherty D M, Lake S L, Anderson N, Patton J H. Fifty years of the barratt impulsiveness scale: An update and review. Personality and Indi-vidual Differences. 2009‌; 47: 385-95.
21) Svebak S, Kerr J. The role of impulsivity in preference for sports. Personality and Individual Differences.1989;10: 51-8.
22) Enticott P G, Ogloff R P, Bradshaw J. Associations between laboratory measures of executive inhibitory control and self-reported impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences. 2006; 41: 285-94.
 
23) Gould D, Udry E. Psychological skills for enhancing performance: Arousal regulation strategies. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1994; 26: 478-85.
24) Lemke M, Fischer C, Wendorff T, Fritzer G, Rupp Z, Tetzlaff S. Modulation of involuntary and voluntary behavior following emotional stimuli in healthy subjects. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2005; 29: 69-76.
25) Smith D, Stewart S. Sexual aggression and sports participation. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2003; 30: 384-95.
26) Keeler L A. The differences in sport aggression, life aggression, and life assertion among adult male and female collision, contact, and non-contact sport athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2007; 30: 57-76.
27) بشارت محمد‌علی. ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس موفقیت ورزشی. گزارش پژوهشی. تهران: دانشگاه تهران؛ 1380. ص 97-88.
28) Grossarth-Maticek R, Eysenck H I. Self-regulation and mortality from cancer, coronary heart disease, and other causes: A prospective study. Personality and Individual Differences. 1995; 19: 781-95.
29) Marques M J, Ibanez M I, Ruiperez M A, Moya J, Ortet G. The Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI): Psychometric properties of a health related coping measure. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005; 39: 1043-54.
30) بشارت محمدعلی. بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه مقیاس خودتنظیم‌گری در نمونه‌ای از جامعه ایرانی. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی بالینی و مشاوره.1390؛ 2. ص 70ـ53.
31) بشارت محمدعلی، بزازیان سعیده. بررسی پایایی، روایی و تحلیل عاملی فرم کوتاه مقیاس خودتنظیم‌گری. فصلنامه مطالعات روان‌شناسی بالینی. 1391؛ 6. ص 112ـ89.
32) بشارت محمد‌علی. بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس تکانشوری بارات. گزارش پژوهشی. تهران: دانشگاه تهران؛ 1386. ص 69-51.
33) بشارت محمدعلی، عباسی غلامرضا، شجاع‌الدین صدرالدین. بررسی رابطه بین عزت‌نفس و موفقیت ورزشی در فوتبالیست‌ها و کشتی‌گیران. حرکت. 1381؛ 12. ص 44ـ31.
34) Lage G, Malloy D L, Neves F S, Moraes P H, Corrêa H. A kinematic analysis of the association between impulsivity and manual aiming. Human Movement Science. 2012; 8: 95-100.
35) Lijffijt M, Bekker E, Quik E H, Bakker J, Kenemans J L, Verbaten M N. Differences between low and high trait im-pulsivity are not associated with differences in inhibitory motor control. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2004; 8: 25-32.
36) Dickman S. Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.1990; 58: 95-102.
37) Barrat E S. Time perception, cortical evoked potentials and impulsiveness among three groups of adolescents. New York: Spectrum Publications; 1981; 9: 81-95.
38) Expósito J, Andrés P A. The effects of impulsivity on the perceptual and decision stages in a choice reaction time task. Personality and Individual Differences. 1997; 22: 693-7.
39) Magar E C, Phillips L H, Hosie J A. Self-regulation and risk-taking. Personality and Individual Differences. 2008; 48:153-9.